From: Subject: =?Windows-1252?Q?Higher-Ed_Tuition_Costs:_The_=91Conservative=92_view_is_?= =?Windows-1252?Q?not_on_either_extreme=2C_by_Gordon_Wayne_Watts?= Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2011 21:11:00 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCBDC9.8B08AEE0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.6157 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCBDC9.8B08AEE0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.gordonwatts.com/FannyDeregulation/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html Higher-Ed Tuition Costs: The =91Conservative=92 view = is not on either extreme, by Gordon Wayne Watts
Higher-Ed Tuition Costs: The = =91Conservative=92=20 view is not on either = extreme
Students are=20 told from an early age that an education is the only way to = success, and=20 yet when they follow the inevitable path, they are lured into a = trap -a=20 debt-trap.

By Gordon Wayne Watts (Editor-in-Chief: The Register = --=20 GordonWatts.com / GordonWayneWatts.com)
(A 377-word Letter on = this same=20 topic [link / cached copy 1 / cached copy 2] published Sunday, Oct. 18, 2009 = in=20 The Tampa Tribune, Views section, p.3.;and, a = 295-word=20 Letter on this same topic [link / cached copy 1 / cached copy 2] published Friday, June 03, 2011 = in=20 The Ledger (of LAKELAND, Fla.), Editorial page, = p.A8. --=20
Published: Monday, 28 September 2009 ; Last Modified: Sunday, 18 = December=20 2011
NOTE: This short,=20 well-documented research paper (which has been cited[39] in=20 Wikipedia's articles, as well as The Whitehouse Petitions link here) is = only 1,823=20 words (11,411 characters), according to OpenOffice Word Processor = --=20 Titles, Headers, Updates, Graphs, & citations to Sources (to = document=20 some strong claims herein) drive the word-count up considerably, = but=20 The Register does not stop short to cite our sources.

Position Paper -- A = well-documented=20 study into the U.S. Higher Ed crisis: Causes of skyrocketing = tuition and=20 declining quality of institutions of Higher Education in America = --=20 Proposed solutions

We think of conservatives as right extremes = &=20 liberals as left, polar opposites. However, true conservatives are = in the=20 middle (on this matter anyhow), liberals on the extremes. First, = the=20 history:

In the 1956-57 school year, one source[1] = reports a year=20 of college cost $138, and another source[2] is in close agreement. = But=20 remember we have to adjust for inflation: The $138 figure is about = $1,093.85 in 2008 dollars[7], probably the same for 2009, = considering the=20 year=92s inflation[3] was about 0.1%. However, nowadays, the same = year of=20 college costs about $10,066, about a 10X increase. Other = sources[4-6]=20 indicate a cost of $6,142.58 for tuition and $6,920.94 for = housing, for a=20 total of $13,063.52 per year, even higher than the $10,066 = fig.

Drug users and the criminally insane can take = out a line=20 of credit, and run up tons of debt and (although it's hard) still = declare=20 bankruptcy.[8-11;36] However, student loans are unique among all = loans in=20 the lack of standard consumer protections (truth in lending; = bankruptcy=20 proceedings; statutes of limits; the right to refinance; adherence = to=20 usury laws; and, Fair Debt & Collection practices, etc.) = afforded the=20 borrower.[12-14] (If institutions of Higher-Ed knew that students = could=20 declare bankruptcy, they would be more apt to charge a fair, = free-market=20 value for their product -instead of monopoly-style collusion to = keep both=20 tuition principle as well as interest rates[36] high -with = garnishment and=20 collection and powers that a mobster would envy.)

The fact that this has driven many students to=20 suicide[15-18;36] is not without merit: You used to never hear of = student=20 loan suicides -this has only now become a crisis in Higher-Ed = recently.=20 (Their blood should count for something.) OK, that=92s the = problem:=20 Skyrocketing Tuition & =91Tuition Bankruptcies,=92 like = =91Medical=92 &=20 =92Housing Bankruptcies.=92 If Education is the BACKBONE of = America, we have a=20 BROKEN BACK. However, have you considered why this has only now = occurred?=20 Let=92s eliminate higher quality as an explanation for the tuition = increase.=20 Mainstream media[19-21] claims education quality has actually = decreased;=20 Sean Hannity & I both agree[22] that quality has plummeted, so = higher=20 tuition isn=92t due to better quality.

Any guess why skyrocketing tuition increases = have only=20 NOW become a problem? Yes. Since government keeps bailing = out[Figure-3]=20 Higher-Ed with our tax dollars[Figure-2] for grants & loans to = students and funding of colleges & universities, these = institutions=20 have guaranteed income, thus no incentive to lower prices to Free = Market=20 supply & demand values. Put another way, they could care less = if you=20 go bankrupt & screw-up your life trying to pay off your debt: = They=92ve=20 already gotten bailed out[Figure-3] in advance. Picture this: = Let=92s say=20 every restaurant & supermarket is subsidized by Big Brother = using tax=20 dollars: Would they be hurt if they charged say $100 for a Big = Mac,=20 eventually bankrupting you? No. This isn=92t the first time the = concept of=20 either expensive food[23] or over-taxation[24] has surfaced. Same = with=20 Higher-Ed, the Housing Market, and Social Security. Because of=20 inefficiency & graft, both Hannity & I also = agree[22][Figure-2]=20 that tax dollars don't need to keep going to Higher-Ed: Let them = stand or=20 fall on their own merit -free market style.

It seems that every time Congress raises the = loan limits=20 for Student Loans, and students can afford more (read: go deeper = in debt),=20 colleges mysteriously find new excuses to raise the tuition. = "Things that=20 make you go 'hmm...'."

Here's where I break ranks with Sean: He feels = no matter=20 what government throws at us, we can somehow pay off bills if we = work hard=20 from 6am-midnight.[22] NOT. Here's where liberal extremes come = in:

* On one extreme: You = have people=20 asking for free handouts. They don=92t want to pay for ANY = education: Let=20 the government do it all: That's how Sean classed me in his recent = show.[22]

* On the other extreme: = You have=20 today=92s students paying MORE than their fair share, FAR more = than peers of=20 yesteryear, for an education whose quality has actually gone DOWN, = not up.=20 Since most colleges & universities are state-owned & = state-funded=20 and practically ALL institutions of higher ed, even private = colleges,=20 receive funding from tax dollars[Figure-2] through grants & = loans (not=20 to mention being tightly regulated by government as well), they're = a de=20 facto ARM of government. Thus funding influx (e.g., tuition) is=20 effectively a tax by the very definition. And if you have someone = like=20 Hannity defending extortion of students by a tax[22] which has = already=20 increased 10X, you're effectively supporting tax increase.[24] = This extreme is also=20 "Blue-State"-liberal.

Therefore, having each student owe only the = actual value=20 of his/her education would be the conservative thing to = do[Figure-1]=20 because it falls under moral rights & wrongs as a right thing. = Jesus=20 even asked followers[25] that if someone wanted you to go 1 mile = to go 2=20 (e.g., =91double=92). So there's a good case to be made that = paying =91DOUBLE=92=20 (that is, 200%) is also OK since many fiscal conservatives are = also=20 religious conservatives thus in alignment with Jesus=92 creed. = Society has=20 finally gotten rid of the scourge of slavery[26] -or have we[38]? = Now=20 they've found a way to snare a whole new group: "Debt = Slaves"[26-27,38] of=20 all races, creeds, and genders -who they would put in bondage for = life=20 under crushing debt. So, immediate forgiveness of the debt[28] of = those=20 overcharged would be the only way to right the wrongs and then = reset the=20 debt owed to 100%-200% of actual costs. For those who've already = somehow=20 paid back their debt, this is stickier. Either these students = would have=20 to forgive the government or they might get free education for = family=20 members, but to outright refund them cash, even if morally = justified,=20 might have an extreme inflationary effect as the number of dollars = in=20 circulation increases. Besides being the morally "right" thing to = do, when=20 these debt slaves[26-27,38] are freed, they will be able to spend = more=20 money on basic necessities -thus stimulate the economy; the only = ones who=20 would suffer are the banks and lenders -who profit off of others'=20 financial ruin. Colleges made do in the past & they'd make do = now to=20 learn to live within their means, stop paying exorbitant salaries, = funding=20 stupid building projects, unnecessary clubs & activities.[33] = We=92ve=20 done it before -we must do it again: "Red-State"-Conservatives must once = again save=20 the future. (PS: If you=92re a = liberal reading=20 this, you should realize that this affects you too and that we = must put=20 aside pride and work together, lest 'divided we fall' -under the = weight of=20 crushing and enslaving debt.)

Furthermore, in the absence of fundamental = consumer=20 protections (truth in lending; bankruptcy proceedings; statutes of = limits;=20 the right to refinance; adherence to usury laws; and, Fair Debt = &=20 Collection practices, etc.), the government and lenders (banks) = make more=20 money in interest and particularly, in fees, if the student = defaults on=20 the loan, so there is a greater financial incentive/motive for the = government & banks to NOT help the student avoid default.

Therefore, seeing the crisis as outlined in = this research=20 paper, I would call upon Federal Lawmakers to pass legislation=20 to:

**-A-** Prevent any more tax = dollars[Figure-2] from=20 going to Higher-Ed (be they grants(*) or loans =96State = or=20 Federal tax dollars)
(*) NOTE: Gordon = Wayne=20 Watts, the author of this Position Paper, has reconsidered his = view of=20 elimination of grant monies, funded by taxpayer dollars, and now = would=20 support *limited* grant monies to offset the very large loss if = Federal=20 Law prohibited the government from making or guaranteeing loans. = Liberals=20 are partly right on this point: The money to run institutions of = Higher=20 Education must come from somewhere. However, the use of *any* = grant monies=20 must be conditioned upon the frugal use of said tax dollars, = which, in=20 plain English, to conservatives like Mr. Watts, means that these=20 institutions can not use monopoly-style collusion and, in the case = of=20 State Colleges, can not impose an excessive tax (tuition is a form = of tax,=20 as it flows to an arm of the government, State Colleges), *and* = must=20 exercise personal responsibility and must neither spend lavishly, = nor=20 succumb to the pressures to distort the market, by charging an=20 artificially inflated high tuition, should grant and/or loan = monies become=20 available. Only then, if responsible spending practices were = adhered to=20 would Mr. Watts be OK with use of taxpayer-funded grants to = replace or=20 offset losses if and when loans are discontinued or sharply=20 curtailed.
-- As in housing, this influx has = distorted the=20 market, resulting in higher tuition. Taxpayers get raped = twice by=20 bailing-out[Figure-3] Higher-Ed:
     *-1-* = Once=20 because it inflates tuition by enabling colleges=92 'addiction' to = tax-dollars.
     *-2-* Secondly, this = 'addiction'=20 is enabled by your tax dollars[Figure-2] -it costs you.
**-B-** = Grant=20 immediate forgiveness[14,28,36] to all unpaid student loans -and = reset the=20 debt to require students to owe only the free-market value of = their=20 education[Figure-1] (or, up to perhaps twice the Free Market value = =96but no=20 more), not the exorbitant prices[36] they were price-gouged = through the=20 monopoly-style collusion of the institutions of Higher-Ed &=20 lenders/banks with the Federal Government.
**-C-** [{(SAVING = THE BEST=20 FOR LAST)}] However, since most Lawmakers are cowards, and don't = have the=20 'guts' to do A or B, here's an alternative: Return that standard = consumer=20 protections to Student Loans (truth in lending; bankruptcy = proceedings;=20 statutes of limits; the right to refinance; adherence to usury = laws; and,=20 Fair Debt & Collection practices, etc.) -that were recently=20 removed.[12-14] WHY? Because, if Colleges/Universities knew that = students=20 could declare bankruptcy, they'd be more apt to charge a fair, = free-market=20 value for their product -instead of continued indentured servitude = slavery=20 debt[26-27,38] for life -and, of course, this would afford = life-saving=20 relief to ALL students, past, present, and future =96and set free = a whole=20 new generation of slaves: Debt Slaves.[26-27,38]

If these three requirements were made Federal = Law[34],=20 then institutions of Higher-Ed, like Wal-Marts, MacDonald's, and = K-Marts,=20 could experience the free market pressures to offer a higher = quality -not=20 a propped up house of cards -which has been the source of the = problems=20 thus far. (And, yes: Just like the 'Housing' bubble burst, the = 'Education' and 'Healthcare' bubbles will burst too if major = changes are=20 not made -and the economy *will* crash.) These universities = &=20 banks know students must go to college to even have a 'chance' at = a job in=20 this economy, so big banks & liberal colleges have a 'captive=20 audience': Their targeting of students is like 'shooting fish in a = barrel': These students don't stand a chance when tuition rates = are=20 obscenely exorbitant. Students are told from their = youth[35] that=20 they need an education to compete in today's world; let=92s not = punish them=20 for doing what is right.

However, any Congressman/Congresswoman or = Senator=20 unwilling to pass these basic consumer protections for Student = Loans is=20 suspect for influence from huge campaign contributions by banks = and=20 bankers, unwilling to give up the 'mobster-like' protection from a = student's ability to declare bankruptcy. Just remember one thing: = "Follow=20 the money."

Gordon Wayne Watts received a Bachelor=92s = degree from=20 The Florida State University with a double major in Biological and = Chemical Sciences with honors and was the valedictorian from = United=20 Electronics Institute. Watts, a non-lawyer, is best known for his = lawsuit=20 on behalf of Terri Schiavo[29], which lost 4-3 in the Florida = Supreme=20 Court, arguably doing better than even then Governor Jeb Bush=92s = similar=20 suit[30] (lost: 7-0) or Terri Schiavo=92s own family=92s federal = case[31]=20 (lost: 2-1). Mr. Watts, who ran unsuccessfully for Dist. 64 Fla. = House of=20 Representatives[32], is a part-time political activist while he = searches=20 for a full-time job in his field.

(Tuesday, 28 June 2011) = UPDATE:

Since publication of this research paper, I = have spoken=20 with my congressman, U.S. Rep. Dennis A. Ross (R-Fla.-12), and the = outcome=20 has been nothing less than incredible. First, I sent him an = email[37], to=20 which he responded. I tried to email him through AOL, but he = deleted my=20 email [link: copy a or copy b] probably because it had an email = attachment=20 --and he was being careful to avoid a computer virus. However, = notice that=20 link: When I resent my email, this time without any attachment = [link:=20 copy a or copy b], he still deleted it too. Huh? = So, when I=20 found out new information on the legislation, I emailed him = through=20 Facebook again[37]. If you will notice, in his reply, Rep. Ross = claimed=20 that: "Allowing discharge in bankruptcy for student loans would = cause a=20 sharp decline in availability of loans," however this is patently = false:=20 As this expert has said ((cache: link 'a') or (cache: link 'b')), "This report = demonstrates only=20 a slight increase in the availability of private student loans to=20 borrowers with low credit scores after BAPCPA made such loans=20 non-dischargeable [in bankruptcy proceedings]," so, if consumer=20 protections (like truth in lending; bankruptcy proceedings; = statutes of=20 limits; the right to refinance; adherence to usury laws; and, Fair = Debt=20 & Collection practices, etc.) were restored to Student Loans, = then=20 there would probably only be a slight *decrease* in the = availability of=20 private student loans --those not made or guaranteed by the = Federal=20 Government (since banks would be unwilling to lend to a small = number of=20 people who could not afford to pay back --but that would be a good = thing:=20 They don't need to be borrowing anyhow). --Source: Student Aid = Policy=20 Analysis: Impact of the Bankruptcy Exception for = Private=20 Student Loans on Private Student Loan Availability, by: = Mark=20 Kantrowitz, Publisher, FinAid.org, August 14, 2007 -- Furthermore, = as I=20 had pointed out in my last reply to Congressman Dennis Ross, = credit card=20 loans are typically on the same terms (interest, payment options, = fees,=20 etc.) as these private loans, and yet credit card loans have = continued=20 unabated -and that even someone with bad credit can find a lender. = Besides=20 'private' loans, due to the recent changes in law, the Federal = Government=20 also now lends directly to students for Student Loans, so no = 'sharp=20 decline' in loans would result; furthermore, the Congressman was = wrong to=20 oppose H.R. 5043 on these grounds, as it only returned standard = consumer=20 protections to private, not federal, loans. Lastly, as I pointed = out (and=20 the Congressman has NOT rebutted or answered me on this point), it = would=20 probably be a *good* thing for there to be a "sharp decline" in = Student=20 Loans: This is the way it was in the 1950's, where there was = little or=20 no loans, grants, or other 'student aid' for college = education:=20 Colleges knew they could not over-charge students, and college=20 administrators learned to live within their means --and, guess = what:=20 American colleges were the best in the world, so they did not need = to=20 overcharge students like they are doing today.

Besides being factually wrong on a number of = points, the=20 Congressman engaged in a bit of bizarre behaviour: Besides = deleting my=20 email without reading it --twice [link: copy a or copy b], and blocking me from his = Facebook for no=20 apparent reason [link: copy a or copy b], he was rather rude and = repeatedly evaded=20 answering a question that two (2) of his constituents posed to = him:=20 [link: copy a or copy b] on his 'Politician' page.

In all fairness to the Congressman, he only = blocked me=20 from his personal Facebook page, not his 'Politician' one; = nonetheless, he=20 seems to discuss politics with his constituents much less on his=20 politician page, and as I've done nothing to provoke or insult him = (other=20 than express my views, and politely ask for representation), his = reactions=20 and odd behaviour are unwarranted --and actually a bit bizarre. -- = It=20 makes me think that he is being paid off by big banks who want = protection=20 from the Free Market pressures of failure (aka a 'bailout' from = having=20 borrowers be able to file bankruptcy) that would result if the = standard=20 consumer protections for Student Loans (truth in lending; = bankruptcy=20 proceedings; statutes of limits; the right to refinance; adherence = to=20 usury laws; and, Fair Debt & Collection practices, etc.) were = returned=20 to Student Loans --as the law was in the past. -- Since all other = loans=20 have standard consumer protections, young, vulnerable college = students=20 should not be deprived either. This is doubly true now that = college=20 tuition is skyrocketing to obscenely high levels --even as a = quality of=20 education continues to plummet -and other nations continue to = outperform=20 us in math and the sciences. So, we see that this influx of = Federal=20 'student aid' has actually made things worse. Why then do = supposedly=20 'conservative' Congressman like Rep. Ross, continue to interject = Big=20 Government into Higher Education when: (-a-) it goes against their = 'Smaller Government' mantra; and, (-b-) It has been proven to NOT=20 work?

(Friday, 01 July 2011) = UPDATE:

To his credit, Rep. Dennis A. Ross (R-Fla.12), = has=20 addressed a few of the complaints of banning people from his = 'Politician'=20 page [link: copy a or copy b], but, as yet, has refused to = address MANY=20 other concerns, and one reply that he eventually made was just a = little=20 bit weird: [link: copy a or copy b] --still, a bit bizarre, if you = ask me: He=20 is our elected representative. Lastly, since he's not only removed = me from=20 his regular Facebook (http://Facebook.com/RepDennisRoss), but = also=20 BLOCKED me from even seeing his Facebook Wall: [link: copy a or copy b] --and were it not for a good = friend letting=20 me look at his Facebook [link: copy a or copy b], I would not even have seen the = Public=20 Education post. I bet Rep. Ross was not expecting this, but I = 're-posted'=20 his link from his personal Facebook to his 'Politician' Facebook = fan=20 page.

If college student suicides due to Student Loan = defaults=20 has seen a dramatic rise[15-18;36], as I've previously documented, = then=20 this problem is real, not just a financial problem 'on paper': I = hope my=20 Congressman starts caring about his constituents & voters and=20 responding by both replying AND introducing bills that will solve = these=20 problems, but as yet, his behaviour is a bit unresponsive and on = occasion=20 a bit bizarre.

"Insanity" is doing = the same=20 thing (socialist government involvement into higher-ed, & = removal of=20 Free-Market checks, like standard consumer protections on Student = Loans),=20 and expecting a different result. Either our Representatives & = Senators are 'insane' --or being bought = off by=20 Big Banks --or both?

Figures 1-3:
3D"Figure

Sources:
[1] "Massive = increases in=20 higher-ed costs a mystery to be solved," Virgil Swing=20 (DuluthNewsTribune.com), May 15, 2008,=20 (http://www.duluthnewstribune.com/event/search of: "Virgil Swing: = Massive=20 increases in higher-ed costs"), ** http://www.google.com/search?hl=3Den&q=3D%22Budgeteer= +News%22+%22Virgil+Swing%22+2008+may+15&start=3D20&sa=3DN&fil= ter=3D0,=20 ** http://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=3DA0geu5Vnxr9KXSsBZFJ= XNyoA?p=3D%22Budgeteer+News%22+%22Virgil+Swing%22+2008+may+15&fr2=3Ds= b-top&fr=3Dyfp-t-501&sao=3D0,=20 ** http://gordonwaynewatts.com/FannyDeregulation/VirgilSwing= Article.JPG,=20 ** http://gordonwatts.com/FannyDeregulation/VirgilSwingArtic= le.JPG
[2]=20 "Student Aid and College Tuition: The Upward Spiral," by David W.=20 Kirkpatrick, Nov 01, 2007 http://www.schoolreport.com/schoolreport/articles/College= _Tuition_11_07.htm=20 states: "In my personal case, while a student at a public college = in the=20 1950s, tuition was $100 per semester. There was no aid but neither = was=20 there any debt at graduation."
[3] "2008 inflation rate at = 0.1%,=20 slowest gain in 54 years for consumer prices" http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation-rates/2008= -inflation-rate-at-01-slowest-gain-in-54-years-for-consumer-prices/100035= 7
[4]=20 "Average college cost breaks $30,000: Average for 4-year private = school=20 passes key mark; total costs for both public and private schools = up well=20 above inflation," Rob Kelley, Oct 27 2006, http://money.cnn.com/2006/10/24/pf/college/college_costs/= index.htm=20 states: "The average tuition at four-year public colleges and = universities=20 is $5,836 for the 2006-07 school year=85With room and board, = four-year=20 public colleges average $12,796 for in-state residents." The = $5,836 figure=20 for tuition would be either $6,227.39 or $6,057.77 in 2008, = according to=20 the WestEgg inflation calculator, depending on whether you use = 2006 or=20 2007 as your initial year. The average of those two figures is = $6,142.58=20 for college tuition in 2008
[5] "Preparing to Go to College," = p4, http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pears= onhighered/samplechapter/0131716662.pdf=20 states: "According to The College Board, the average college = housing costs=20 in the 2004=962005 academic year were about $6,222," which would = be either=20 $7,036.63 or $6,805.25 in 2008, according to the WestEgg inflation = calculator, depending on whether you use 2004 or 2005 as your = initial=20 year. The average of those two figures is $6,920.94 for college = housing in=20 2008
[6] Adding $6,920.94 for housing & $6,142.58 for = tuition=20 yields $13,063.52
[7] http://www.westegg.com/inflation conversion: = "What cost=20 $138 in 1956 would cost $1081.50 in 2008," & "What cost $138 = in 1957=20 would cost $1043.92 in 2008," which is close to $1093.85
[8]=20 =93Criminally insane, but out on the street=94 (By NICHOLAS K. = GERANIOS (AP) =96=20 Oct 17, 2009 - SPOKANE, Wash. (AP) -- =93Phillip A. Paul in 1987 = was=20 declared criminally insane for killing an elderly woman after = voices in=20 his head told him she was a witch=85He obtained several credit = cards and=20 went on shopping sprees that led to a bankruptcy filing.=94 http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_CRIMINALLY_INSA= NE?SITE=3DRIPRJ&SECTION=3DHOME&TEMPLATE=3DDEFAULT=20 ~ http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gH6QbyQ= fjoqwCFxHJpNb067G_96gD9BD0N5O0=20 ~ http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33358068/ns/us_news-crime_and= _courts=20 ~ http://www.kansascity.com/news/nation/story/1514284.html<= /A>=20 http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091017/ap_on_re_us/us_crimin= ally_insane/print
[9]=20 =9325 Rich Athletes Who Went Broke=94 (BusinessPundit.com, May 18, = 2009)=20 =93Scott Harrison=85The pride of Scotland had problems with = drinking, drugs=20 and consequently the law. A world champion in 2003, Harrison=92s = life later=20 spun out of control. In 2006, he pulled out of a fight to check = into=20 rehab. By July 2007, the ever-classy Harrison declared bankruptcy = after=20 losing his last fight=85over unpaid taxes.=94 http://www.businesspundit.com/25-rich-athletes-who-went-b= roke
[10]=20 =93STATEMENT OF THE NATIONAL MULTI HOUSING COUNCIL, et al.,=94 = (BEFORE THE=20 U.S. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON JUDICIARY, MARCH 3, 2003) =93A resident = who was=20 being evicted for selling drugs on the property declared = bankruptcy.=94 http://www.nmhc.org/Content/ServeFile.cfm?FileID=3D3511
[11]=20 =93Bankrupt: Maxed Out In America=94 (American RadioWorks, public = radio,=20 Saturday, April 22, 2006) =93Over the past decade, 15 million = people=20 declared bankruptcy. That's better than double the figure from the = previous decade.=94 (No doubt, many criminally insane and/or drug = users were=20 among them, but students, trying to better themselves, are not = permitted=20 to file for bankruptcy when they get overwhelmed by debt, = penalties, and=20 compounding interest. See also, note: "36" below regarding the = Bible=20 standards on interest fees charges for loans.) http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/bankru= ptcy/transcript.html=20 ~ http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-144728950/radi= o-documentary-focus-bankruptcy.html
[12]=20 =93Student Loans & Bankruptcy=94 (Student Loan Borrower = Assistance=20 Project, a program of the National Consumer Law Center) =93Student = loans are=20 not usually discharged in bankruptcy. It is difficult, but not = impossible,=20 to do so if you can show that payment of the debt =93will impose = an undue=20 hardship on you and your dependents.=94 http://www.studentloanborrowerassistance.org/bankruptcy
[13]=20 =93Student Loans In Bankruptcy=94 (Lawyers.com) =93Student loans = are not=20 dischargeable in bankruptcy unless you can show that your loan = payment=20 imposes an "undue hardship" on you, your family, and your = dependents.=20 Non-dischargeable debts are those debts that you cannot totally = eliminate=20 when you file for bankruptcy and will have to be paid by you. It = is almost=20 impossible to show an undue hardship unless you are physically = unable to=20 work and the chances of your obtaining any type of gainful = employment in=20 the future are non-existent.=94 http://bankruptcy.lawyers.com/Student-Loans-In-Bankruptcy= .html
[14]=20 =93Student Loan Bankruptcy Options=94 (MoneyZine.com)
=93In the = normal course=20 of bankruptcy, student loans will not be discharged or forgiven. = However,=20 after the proceedings are over, an adversary proceeding can take = place in=20 bankruptcy court to decide if you meet all three of the hardship = rules or=20 tests. In this adversary proceeding, the student loan creditors = will be=20 present to challenge your hardship request. You must be able to = satisfy=20 all three of the following tests in the eyes of the = court:
=95If you were=20 forced to repay the student loan, then you will not be able to = maintain a=20 minimal standard of living.
=95You are able to present evidence = that this=20 financial hardship will continue for a significant period of time = over the=20 remaining term of the student loan.
=95A good faith effort was = made to=20 repay your student loan before you filed for bankruptcy. = Effectively this=20 means you have been faithfully repaying your college loan for a = minimum of=20 five years.
If your loan is discharged, you will not have to = repay the=20 remainder of the money owed these creditors. However, you may have = trouble=20 getting a student loan of any kind in the future.=94
http://www.money-zine.com/Financial-Planning/College-Loan= /Student-Loan-Bankruptcy-Options=20 See also: http://forgivestudentloandebt.com/
[15] = =93Crushing=20 debt=94 (Chicago Sun-Times, BY DAVE NEWBART) September 24, 2007 = "Jan Yoder=20 was preparing for her son's funeral when the phone rang. It was = another=20 student loan collector wanting to know when her son would pay = up=85It was=20 those calls and the burden of crushing debt, she says, that led = her=20 depressed son to take the drastic action of killing himself late = last=20 month. ''When it gets to the point where people are fleeing the = country,=20 going off the grid or taking their own lives, you know something = has gone=20 horribly wrong,'' said Alan Collinge, founder of Student Loan = Justice,=20 which is pushing to change student lending laws.=94 http://www.ibhe.state.il.us/NewsDigest/NewsWeekly/092807.= pdf=20 ~ http://nalert.blogspot.com/2007/09/student-loan-debt-driv= es-man-to-suicide.html=20 See also: http://studentloanjustice.org/
[16] = =93I=92m Thinking of=20 Suicide Because of My Student Loans. =96 John=94 = (GetOutOfDebt.org, undated=20 news story) =93Dear Steve, My student loans are almost $42,000 = dollars. I=20 pay almost $260 dollars per month and all but $12 dollars is = interest and=20 the principal continues to go higher=85I frequently think about = suicide;=20 thinking about my son is the only thing that has so far kept me = from=20 committing suicide. John=94 http://getoutofdebt.org/5493/im-thinking-of-suicide-becau= se-of-my-student-loans-john=20 See also, note: "36" below regarding the Bible standards on = interest fees=20 charges for loans.
[17] "A Pastor's Student Loan Debt" (NPR, by = Libby=20 Lewis) July 14, 2007 =93Dan Lozer's tiny paycheck means he'll be = paying off=20 those loans until 2029...Lozer said there was a time when he = thought about=20 suicide.=94 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3D11= 980696
[18]=20 =93Company=92s march toward student loan monopoly scary=94 (The = News Tribune, By=20 ALAN COLLINGE) 06/19/07 =93In Boston; a medical student can=92t = get licensed=20 because he can=92t pay $52,000 on what began as a $3,000 debt. A = suicide in=20 Oregon. A suicide in Maryland. People who have fled the country = due to the=20 explosion of their student loan debt. The list goes on and on.=94 = http://www.thenewstribune.com/opinion/othervoices/story/9= 0638.html=20 See also: http://studentloanjustice.org/
[19] "U.S. = Teens Trail=20 Peers Around World on Math-Science Test," Maria Glod, Washington = Post, Dec=20 5, 2007; Page A07 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007= /12/04/AR2007120400730.html
[20]=20 "U.S. falls in education rank compared to other countries," Elaine = Wu=20 (U-Wire), 10-04-2005, The Kapi=91o Newspress http://www.google.com/search?hl=3Den&q=3D%22falls+in+= education+rank+compared+to+other+countries%22+%22Elaine+Wu%22&aq=3Df&= amp;oq=3D&aqi=3D=20 And http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=3D%22falls+in+education+= rank+compared+to+other+countries%22+%22Elaine+Wu%22&toggle=3D1&co= p=3Dmss&ei=3DUTF-8&fr=3Dyfp-t-832=20 (Key phrases search: "falls in education rank compared to other = countries"=20 "Elaine Wu")
[21] "U.S. slips lower in coding contest: In what = could be=20 an ominous sign for the U.S. tech industry, American universities = slipped=20 lower in an international programming contest," Ed Frauenheim, = News.com,=20 Posted on ZDNet News: Apr 7, 2005 http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-142206.html
[22= ]=20 Sean Hannity, from 7:22-8:22, concurs with this analysis -and with = me:=20 We=92ve been "dumbed down" and our public schools are "mediocre at = best." At=20 8:22+, he says "taxpayers ought not foot the bill" for Higher-Ed. = From=20 4:59-5:13, he makes the =916am to midnight=92 comments. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Dm3ogGD17pq4&feature=3D= channel_page=20 ** Cached: http://www.GordonWayneWatts.com/FannyDeregulation/21-22Se= pt2009-Hannity-Call-In.mp3=20 and http://www.GordonWatts.com/FannyDeregulation/21-22Sept200= 9-Hannity-Call-In.mp3.=20 Newly=20 added comment: I=20 don't mean any offense or disrespect to Sean Hannity, but I must = now=20 update my research paper here to clarify and point out one glaring = FACT:=20 Mr. Sean Hannity is a hypocrite -While he has no problem with = student's=20 tuition (a form of tax: see above) being jacked up almost = one-thousand=20 (1,000%) percent, LOL, nonetheless, I am quite sure that he could = cringe=20 at the discovery that *his* income taxes increased by the same = amount. IN=20 HIS DEFENSE, I realise that he would probably say that this is not = an=20 equal comparison -ah, but is it?? --Well, he has no choice but to = get a=20 job of some sort to make money, and, likewise, the students = nowadays, have=20 no choice but to get an education if we are to compete in the = global=20 market. So, the comparison is indeed equal. I say all this to = underscore=20 the double-standards and hypocrisy the rich have for those=20 similarly-situated who are poor -even the "conservative" rich, = like=20 Hannity. THAT is the reason our country is falling: Lack of care = for our=20 neighbour. That all needs to change -and it will upon arrival of = Jesus. In=20 time.--END OF COMMENT
[23] As odd as this = sounds=20 -that a meal will be 100 or 200 dollars many religious = conservatives do=20 believe this will happen in the very near future -due to end-times = prophecies such as this one: "And I heard a voice in the midst of = the four=20 beasts say, A measure of wheat for a penny, and three measures of = barley=20 for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wine." (Holy = Bible, Rev=20 6:6 KJV) "=85[The price: It will be a] quart of wheat [a day=92s = worth of=20 human food] for a denarius [a whole day's wages], and three quarts = of=20 barley [daily measure of food used for livestock also sold] for a=20 denarius=85" (Holy Bible, Rev 6:6 AMP) Cf II Kings 6:25, another = similar=20 occasion. (Some comments in bracket not in original but added for=20 clarity)
[24] In 1st Samuel 22:1-2, people were probably = over-taxed and=20 in debt, and without a doubt this was the case with Solomon=92s = not-so-wise=20 son, Rehoboam, as told in 1st Kings 12:1-16 -almost all of his = citizens=20 revolted and kicked him out as king for his stated plans to = over-tax his=20 constituents.
[25] "And whosoever shall compel thee to go a = mile, go=20 with him twain." (Holy Bible, Matt 5:41 KJV)
[26] In = Dred=20 Scott, a 7-2 majority of America's highest court, not too = long=20 ago, held that "[T]he negro might justly and lawfully be reduced = to=20 slavery for his benefit." Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, writing = for the=20 Court. Dred Scott v. John F. Sanford, 15 L.Ed. = 691; 19=20 How. 393; 60 US 393 at 407.(US 1857).
[27] Key Phrase search: = http://www.google.com/search?hl=3Den&source=3Dhp&= q=3D%22debt+slaves%22&aq=3Df&oq=3D&aqi=3Dg1g-m1=20 and http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=3D%22debt+slaves%22&= fr=3Dyfp-t-501&toggle=3D1&cop=3Dmss&ei=3DUTF-8
[28]=20 This is not the first time in history blanket forgiveness of debts = has=20 been considered: =931At the end of every seven years you shall = grant a=20 release of debts. 2And this is the form of the release: Every = creditor who=20 has lent anything to his neighbor shall release it; he shall not = require=20 it of his neighbor or his brother, because it is called the = LORD=92s=20 release=859Beware lest there be a wicked thought in your heart, = saying, =91The=20 seventh year, the year of release, is at hand,=92 and your eye be = evil=20 against your poor brother and you give him nothing, and he cry out = to the=20 LORD against you, and it become sin among you. 10You shall surely = give to=20 him, and your heart should not be grieved when you give to him, = because=20 for this thing the LORD your God will bless you in all your works = and in=20 all to which you put your hand. 11For the poor will never cease = from the=20 land; therefore I command you, saying, =91You shall open your hand = wide to=20 your brother, to your poor and your needy, in your land.=92=94 = (HOLY BIBLE,=20 Deuteronomy 15:1-11, NKJV) Those 'moral conservatives' who would = suggest=20 this is not fair for those students who have already repaid their = debts=20 should note that in the Deuteronomy passage above, no allowance is = made=20 for special treatment for those debtors who had repaid their debts = -they=20 just had to 'tough it out' and be glad their neighbors' debts were = forgiven. This is the kind of =91tough love=92 that is needed to = address the=20 higher education and bankruptcy crisis hitting our nation, not = unlike the=20 =91hard-line=92 advice given in both Old and New Testaments = regarding how to=20 address housing and homeless issues. Isaiah 58:6-7 (Old Testament) = demands=20 that you take in the homeless wandering stranger -and no less than = Jesus,=20 Himself, in the New Testament (Matthew 25:31-46) repeats this same = demand=20 -echoing all sustentative requirements laid down by the prophet = Isaiah:=20 Jesus makes no bones about the consequences for not feeding the = hungry,=20 clothing the naked, or taking in the homeless: With Divine = authority=20 conferred upon Him, Jesus does no less than send the malefactors = directly=20 to Hell. -- Jesus also said: "And whenever = you stand=20 praying, if you have anything against anyone, forgive him and let = it drop=20 (leave it, let it go), in order that your Father Who is in heaven = may also=20 forgive you your [own] failings and shortcomings and let them=20 drop." (Mark 11:25, Holy Bible, AMP) -- LASTLY, Jesus also = said:=20 "...forgive, and ye shall be = forgiven. (Luke=20 6:37b, Holy Bible, KJV) - See also: http://forgivestudentloandebt.com/
[29] = In Re:=20 GORDON WAYNE WATTS (as next friend of THERESA MARIE =93TERRI=94=20 SCHIAVO), No. SC03-2420 (Fla. Feb.23, 2003), denied 4-3 = on=20 rehearing. http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/clerk/dispositions/200= 5/2/03-2420reh.pdf
[30]=20 In Re: JEB BUSH, GOVERNOR OF FLORIDA, ET AL. v. MICHAEL = SCHIAVO,=20 GUARDIAN: THERESA SCHIAVO, No. SC04-925 (Fla. Oct.21, = 2004),=20 denied 7-0 on rehearing. http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/clerk/dispositions/200= 4/10/04-925reh.pdf
[31]=20 Schiavo ex rel. Schindler v. Schiavo ex rel. = Schiavo, 403=20 F.3d 1223, 2005 WL 648897 (11th Cir. Mar.23, 2005), denied 2-1 on = appeal.=20 http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200511628.pdf
[32]=20 Key Phrase search: http://www.google.com/search?hl=3Den&q=3D%22florida+h= ouse%22+64+%22gordon+wayne+watts%22&cts=3D1255495265724&aq=3Df&am= p;oq=3D&aqi=3D=20 and http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=3D%22florida+house%22+64= +%22gordon+wayne+watts%22&fr=3Dyfp-t-155&toggle=3D1&cop=3Dmss= &ei=3DUTF-8
[33]=20 One example of wasteful spending I could not fit in due to = word-length=20 (this research paper is already exactly 1,575 words in the body = only -not=20 counting the title, references, or footer), was the requirement = for=20 students to purchase the newest edition of textbooks every year. = This is=20 entirely untenable, since many sciences -such as Physics and Math = -have=20 not changed sustentatively in the last century: The Laws of = Physics aren=92t=20 just going to change all of a sudden -and the newer developments = do not=20 need new textbooks (such as one friend who reports that he paid = $1,500.oo=20 for *each* of his children for new textbooks). The Higher-Ed = textbook=20 industry is a =93Cash Cow,=94 milking students. One alternative is = to have=20 textbooks online -or -in portable =93e-books.=94 Another is to = require only=20 supplemental materials be purchased -or downloaded. However, no = matter how=20 you slice it, students are getting juked and played like a piano = -and=20 milked like a cow. America=92s good name is tarnished when = education costs=20 more -and does less -than other countries. I don=92t wish to = offend other=20 countries (they beat us fair and square), but this game must not = continue:=20 Just like in war, everybody loses when it played.
[34] My = friend, Eddie=20 Adams, Jr., who is a genuine conservative (one of many = true=20 conservatives this election cycle) running = for U.S.=20 Congress in a neighboring district, was recently interviewed = by me for=20 my newspaper's coverage (main=20 link - alt. link) of the Districts 11 and 12 = House races.=20 When I asked him about pouring tax dollars into higher-ed, he = responded=20 predictably and as expected -he opposed such; however, when I = asked him=20 whether he supported standard bankruptcy protections for student = loans as=20 with credit cards users, he said they should pay them back -as he = did=20 (invoking the personal responsibility motif). While I respect his = work=20 ethic and feel he has earned a right to his opinion, I genuinely = feel he=20 was wrong on the merits (because I feel students should only pay = back the=20 value of their education -not the inflated amount they were forced = to=20 accept due to the collusion of the institutions of higher-ed). = Since he,=20 like myself, is a Christian, who adheres to the Bible as = infallible=20 scripture (his grandfather was a Baptist = preacher), I was=20 inspired to review the Lord's standards on this topic, and I = credit Eddie=20 for so inspiring me. It is my belief that all true followers of = Christ=20 will be conformed to the renewing of the scriptures, and so I = write this=20 with the hope that Eddie will slowly, but surely, change his = viewpoint=20 herewith: This section below is directed only at = Bible-believing=20 Christians -and, while trying to "win converts" is good, that is = not what=20 this section is saying:

=91Practical=92 considerations: What=92s helpful for=20 *you*
7 =93Be not deceived; God is not = mocked: for=20 whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.=94 -Galatians = 6:7=20 (KJV)
TRANSLATION: Karma has a biting way about it: What goes = around=20 comes around, so don=92t jack the students out of their fair value = by=20 **greatly** overcharging them for their education = =96simply=20 because they're a captive audience -and a captive market.

=91Legal=92 considerations: What=92s helpful according = to the=20 *government*
1 =93Let every soul be subject = unto the=20 higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that = be are=20 ordained of God.
2 Whosoever therefore resisteth the = power,=20 resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive = to=20 themselves damnation.
3 For rulers are not a terror = to good=20 works, but to the evil. Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? = do that=20 which is good, and thou shalt have praise of the same:=94 -Romans = 13:1-3=20 (KJV)
COMMENTARY: If monopoly or collusion laws were broken = =96and/or if=20 excessive fines imposed upon student that are not even legal for = credit=20 card users (the latter implicating Equal Protection), then this = would be=20 illegal =96and, besides violating =91Man=92s Law,=92 the rich = leaders profiting=20 off of students would also be in violation of this section of = God=92s=20 standard.

=91Moral=92 considerations: What=92s helpful for=20 *others*
12 =93In everything, therefore, = treat people=20 the same way you want them to treat you, for this is the Law and = the=20 Prophets.=94 -Matthew 7:12 (NASB)

16b-17a =93=85Judge fairly between each person and = his fellow or=20 foreigner. Don't play favorites; treat the little and the big = alike;=20 listen carefully to each. Don't be impressed by big names. This is = God's=20 judgment you're dealing with...=94 -Deuteronomy 1:16b-17a (The = Message)

3 =93Defend the poor and fatherless: do justice to = the=20 afflicted and needy.=94 -Psalm 82:3 (KJV)

21 =93Though hand join in hand, the wicked shall not = be=20 unpunished: but the seed of the righteous shall be delivered.=94 = -Proverbs=20 11:21 (KJV)

22 =93Do not exploit the poor because they are poor = and do not=20 crush the needy in court,
23 for the LORD will take = up their=20 case and will plunder those who plunder them.=94 -Proverbs = 22:22-23 (NIV)

8 =93Speak up for those who cannot speak for = themselves, for=20 the rights of all who are destitute.
9 Speak up and = judge=20 fairly; defend the rights of the poor and needy.=94 -Proverbs = 31:8-9 (NIV)

11 =93When the sentence for a crime is not quickly = carried=20 out, the hearts of the people are filled with schemes to do = wrong.=94=20 -Ecclesiastes 8:11 (NIV)

20 =93Humility is an abomination to the proud; = likewise the=20 poor are an abomination to the rich. 21 When the rich = person=20 totters, he is supported by friends, but when the humble falls, he = is=20 pushed away even by friends. 22 If the rich person = slips, many=20 come to the rescue; he speaks unseemly words, but they justify = him. If the=20 humble person slips, they even criticize him; he talks sense, but = is not=20 given a hearing. 23 The rich person speaks and all are = silent;=20 they extol to the clouds what he says. The poor person speaks and = they=20 say, "Who is this fellow?" And should he stumble, they even push = him=20 down.=94 -Sirach 13:20-23 (NRSV) Deuterocanonical Apocrypha

10 =93If thou faint in the day of adversity, thy = strength is=20 small.=94 -Proverbs 24:10 (KJV)

28 =93Strive for the truth unto death, and the Lord = shall=20 fight for thee.=94 -Sirach 4:28 (KJV)

28 =93Fight to the death for truth, and the Lord God = will=20 fight for you.=94 -Sirach 4:28 (NRSV)

[35] In my Official Campaign pages (http://GordonWayneWatts.com/Campaign.html and = http://GordonWatts.com/Campaign.html), like = most=20 'conservatives,' I had supported VOUCHERS for high schools and = other=20 public schools, at least for 'equal treatment' of vouchers as with = Pell=20 Grants and Guaranteed Student Loans, but I was dead-wrong here: = Although I=20 was right to support 'equal treatment' between vouchers (pre-K = through=20 high school) and Pell Grants & Guaranteed student loans = (Higher=20 Education, Universities, college), I WAS WRONG to support vouchers = AT ALL=20 -for the same reason I was wrong to support and public funding of=20 higher-ed: It distorts the market, feeding an addiction which = results in=20 higher tuition and costs -all the while using tax dollars to feed = this=20 addiction. Thus, if I make a compelling case against liberals = using tax=20 dollars for higher ed (grants, loans), then the same problems must = *logically* exist with vouchers: Even though students and parents = can make=20 some choice in which high school to attend (some free market = 'competition'=20 forces are at work), the influx of tax dollars still distorts the = market=20 (overall, that is), and the high schools realise they can raise = tuition,=20 since students can afford more. Thus, while intuitively against = what we=20 may feel, we must be consistent with our logic and rationally = conclude=20 that the government should get OUT of education altogether: Both = Higher Ed=20 (colleges and Universities) as well as 'lower' ed: Pre-K through = high=20 school.

[36] Gordon's=20 Story:

Long-story-short: My student loan is = unfair=20 "usury / interest" -prohibited by many Biblical scriptures = enumerated=20 below, and I am drowning in debt... (from the Amplified = Bible)

--=20 This is the end of the "short" version. Below, this email is long, = I warn=20 the reader in all fairness. --

Matthew 25:27
Then you should have invested my money = with the=20 bankers, and at my coming I would have received what was my own = with=20 interest.

Luke 19:23
Then why did you not put my money = in a=20 bank, so that on my return, I might have collected it with = interest?

Comment: Jesus does = not say He=20 agrees with interest being charged --He only acknowledges its = existence;=20 but, even assuming Jesus now approves of interest charged on = loans, a=20 change from Old Testament times, nonetheless, He does *not* = approve of=20 over-bearing or oppressively crushing interest and charges, as = described=20 below -- You use Scripture to interpret Scripture:

Exodus 22:25
If you lend money to any of My people with you = who is=20 poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor, neither shall you = require=20 interest from him.

Leviticus 25:36
Charge him no = interest or=20 [portion of] increase, but fear your God, so your brother may = [continue=20 to] live along with you.

Leviticus 25:37
You shall not = give him=20 your money at interest nor lend him food at a = profit.

Deuteronomy=20 23:19
You shall not lend on interest to your brother--interest = on=20 money, on victuals, on anything that is lent for=20 interest.

Deuteronomy 23:20
You may lend on interest to = a=20 foreigner, but to your brother you shall not lend on interest, = that the=20 Lord your God may bless you in all that you undertake in the land = to which=20 you go to possess it.

Nehemiah 5:7
I thought it over and = then=20 rebuked the nobles and officials. I told them, You are exacting = interest=20 from your own kinsmen. And I held a great assembly against=20 them.

Nehemiah 5:10
I, my brethren, and my servants are = lending=20 them money and grain. Let us stop this forbidden = interest!

Psalm=20 15:5
[He who] does not put out his money for interest [to one = of his=20 own people] and who will not take a bribe against the innocent. He = who=20 does these things shall never be moved.

Proverbs 28:8
He = who by=20 charging excessive interest and who by unjust efforts to get gain=20 increases his material possession gathers it for him [to spend] = who is=20 kind and generous to the poor.

Ezekiel 18:8
Who does not = charge=20 interest or percentage of increase on what he lends [in = compassion], who=20 withholds his hand from iniquity, who executes true justice = between man=20 and man,

Ezekiel 18:13
And has charged interest or = percentage of=20 increase on what he has loaned [in supposed compassion]; shall he = then=20 live? He shall not live! He has done all these abominations; he = shall=20 surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

Ezekiel = 18:17
Who has=20 withdrawn his hand from [oppressing] the poor, who has not = received=20 interest or increase [from the needy] but has executed My = ordinances and=20 has walked in My statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of = his=20 father; he shall surely live.

Ezekiel 22:12
In you they = have=20 accepted bribes to shed blood; you have taken [forbidden] interest = and=20 [percentage of] increase, and you have greedily gained from your = neighbors=20 by oppression and extortion and have forgotten Me, says the Lord=20 God.

The Details:

Right out of high = school,=20 I went to the local community college in my area under a =93merit=20 scholarship,=94 because of my grades (top 10% in high school), = but, since I=20 was a kid, I lost the scholarship after 3 semesters due to low = grades. I=20 was too young to know what I wanted. Then, I went to electronic = college=20 here in the Tampa Bay (Florida) area, to study a hobby I enjoyed, = and the=20 college indicated it might help me get a good job, but no job was=20 forthcoming, even though I was one of three students who tied for = my class=20 valedictorian, that is, the number one spot. Even though I was = unable to=20 get a good job, I made regular payments on my = loan.

However, a few=20 years later, figuring my 2-year vocational degree was not enough, = I went=20 back to college, and I graduated with honors and a double major = from The=20 Florida State University, hoping to pursue genetics -another = subject of=20 which I am fond.

I achieved higher grades at Florida State = than I=20 had even during the 2 semesters I retained my =93Merit = Scholarship=94 at=20 Hillsborough Community College, but the State of Florida did not = give me=20 back my academic scholarship.

In plain English, what I am = trying to=20 say here is that even when I got my grades HIGHER than those who = had=20 academic scholarships, I was not given my scholarship back -the = money went=20 to students, many of whom had LOWER grades than me, which I think = was=20 unfair, and, from a =93constitutional=94 standpoint, a Federal = Violation of=20 Equal Protection (I was not =93Equally=94 protected here, since = those with=20 lower grades continued to receive academic grants.)

My = total debt=20 grew to 46 Thousand dollars, 23 Thousand of subsidized loans and = 23=20 Thousand of unsubsidized loans. (That is, the government pays the = interest=20 on subsidized loans under some circumstances.) I tried getting a = good job=20 in my field, but since few companies in Florida deal in genetics, = any=20 serious move I have attempted to make to obtain a job in my field = would=20 take major money for rent (I live with my father currently), and I = can=20 afford either rent OR paying back my college loan, BUT not both = -unless I=20 want to pay only on the interest and pay on it=20 forever!

Help!

I did not go to college to be a = burger=20 flipper, hello. I call upon My God to help me -I believe in Heaven = and=20 all, but I don=92t want to be a martyr simply because greedy = persons in=20 authority charge me interest.

In all fairness to Sallie = Mae, they=20 let me consolidate my loan and have -up to this point -continued = to grant=20 me forbearances and unemployment deferments, but the interest = continues to=20 grow, and I don=92t know, from a mathematical standpoint, how I = will ever be=20 able to pay back my loan.

When a student jumps through all = the=20 =93right=94 hoops and yet something like this happens (and my case = is not even=20 a =93horror story=94 -many are apparently much worse, reading = these other=20 letters) =85uh=85oh! Yes, as I was saying: When a student jumps = through all=20 the =93right=94 hoops and yet something like this happens, = something is just=20 not right, folks.

If the =93Interest=94 charged on my loans = were no=20 more than the rate of inflation, I could pay on the loan until it = is paid=20 off, as my pay-raises would increase in strength at the same pace = as the=20 interest, but we know that this is not true. For this reason, it = doth=20 appear to me that =93The System Is Broke.=94 = Help=85

Sincerely, and I=20 sign with my real name to show that I am not making up this=20 story:

Mr. Gordon Wayne Watts of Lakeland, Florida, USA, = Earth.

[37] -- Copy of: = Facebook.com=20 e-mail correspondence --

Cached copy of screen = shot to=20 prove Ross really said this: mirror 1 -- mirror 2

Between Dennis = Ross=20 and You=20

=20
Gordon Wayne=20 Watts June 2 at = 10:16am=20
I posted a = question about=20 H.R. 5043 just now, and it's deleted - I guess you deleted it. Was = my post=20 offensive in some way? The issues surrounding that are explained = on http://GordonWatts.com/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html = or=20 http://GordonWayneWatts.com/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html<= /A>=20 -- briefly, students used to have bankruptcy protections, and if = these=20 standard loan protections are returned, the Federal Government = will be=20 less likely to guarantee student loans, less loans will originate, = --and=20 at a cost lower than before (Lower Tuition: since colleges will = know they=20 can't price-gouge students without rick of bankruptcy), and this = will have=20 a "side effect" of getting Government OUT of Higher-Education.=20 (Translation: GOOD, since conservatives *want* the Govt out of = Higher=20 Education.)

For some reason, liberals support this too -and I suspect they = view it=20 as a free handout.

I don't want a free handout - I don't mind paying what I owe, = but I=20 don't want to be over-taxed to death, and tuition is technically a = tax,=20 since it is funding to a state-owned college in most cases -and a = college=20 regulated by State & Federal govt is all cases.

This is a rare issue where liberals & conservatives can see = eye-to-eye and agree -instead of the usual Washington 'gridlock.'

What is your take on this issue? -- And, what about my post was = offensive to motivate you to delete it?

=20
Dennis = Ross=20 June 2 at 10:55am Report =
I toko it down because I = wanted my=20 constituents to see the post about the balanced budget hearing = going on=20 right now. Nothing offenseive, just didn't want that post mvoed = down the=20 page so far.

As for HR 5043, I do not support it. Allowing discharge in = bankruptcy=20 for student loans would cause a sharp decline in availability of = loans. I=20 also do not supoprt the federal government being the only student = loan=20 lender, as it is now after last year.

=20
Gordon Wayne=20 Watts June 2 at = 11:26am=20
I *want* a = sharp decline=20 in the availability of student loans (ideally, I would eliminate = ALL of=20 the government's interference in the Free Market -and get the = Federal=20 Government *out* of Higher Education altogether!)

You see, Dennis, every time Congress raises the loan limits = (thus=20 enabling students to be saddled with more debt), dishonest liberal = colleges find new excuses to raise tuition (even though they're = not=20 justified, since quality of education has actually gone down).

In the 50's US colleges were tops in the world, in tuition = could be=20 paid for by a part time job in the cafeteria over the summer.

Now-days, tuition is unbearably heavy -with some students even=20 committing suicide -- have you ever wondered why tuition is = skyrocketing=20 much faster than inflation's rate?

Liberals who support gov't interference in the free market make = unrealistically large loans available, and colleges simply charge = more=20 because they can.

But I don't see how a conservative such as you or I could = support this=20 interference in the Free Market by the Government.

If the gov't got out of guaranteeing loans (which would occur = to some=20 small degree if HR5043 passed -since bankruptcy would partly = cancel out=20 past loans -and discourage future ones from being unrealistically = large),=20 then tuition would drop -since colleges would know they could no = longer=20 price-gouge students without repercussions.

If drug users & criminals with credit cards can get = bankruptcy, why=20 not students?

Also, when bankruptcy protections were in place for student = loans just=20 a few years ago, lender were not so irresponsible, and the default = rate=20 was not high -but when bankruptcy protections were removed, the = default=20 rate skyrocket.

Lastly, the conservative Tampa Tribune 'got it': (Beware the = debt trap,=20 Tampa Tribune, Oct 18, 2009)
http://www2.tbo.com/content/2009/oct/18/co-beware-the-deb= t-trap/news-opinion-letterday=20
or: http://GordonWayneWatts.com/FannyDeregulation/TampaTrib10= -18-2009.jpg
or:=20 http://GordonWatts.com/FannyDeregulation/TampaTrib10-18-2= 009.jpg

You're just as conservative as the Tribune, I trust =96 here is = documentation and clarification of my claims about HR5043:
http://GordonWayneWatts.com/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html<= /A>
or:
http://GordonWatts.com/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html

You know I'm a conservative, and I don't want to 'get out' of = paying=20 for my college education (eg getting a 'Free Handout'), but = tuition is,=20 technically, a tax, since it goes to state-owned universities in = most=20 cases --and Federal/State regulated colleges in all cases, and = students=20 have been over taxed now for some time. You don't support this = over-tax=20 which resulted from liberals' intefering with the free market, do = you?=20 (Hint: Colleges of the 50's were low because the gov't didn't = intefere in=20 the Free Market.)

=20
Gordon Wayne=20 Watts June 2 at = 2:03pm=20
I was a = little emotional=20 earlier --rest assured I am not mad or offended at your deleting = my post.=20 (But since I see you did delete my 'regular' email -probably = afraid the=20 attachment might infect your computer, I will hope to gain your = ear just a=20 little longer.)

Anyhow, we've tried it the liberals' way --and all those = 'Student=20 Loans' did nothing but enable a skyrocketing tuition.

So, that's why I want to go back to the way it was: Either no = loans at=20 all -or, if there are loans, standard consumer protections (eg = bankruptcy)=20 --like it was back in the 50's --when quality of education was = high, and=20 tuition was low.

What has, at root, caused this lending system to grow in to the = predatory beast it has become, caused the schools to loose their = honor in=20 favor of greed, hurt the students, etc. is #1: the removal of = standard=20 consumer protections from student loans & also #2: the = creation of=20 draconian collection powers. Combined, these two actions made = defaults the=20 preferable outcome for the entire lending system, and took away = the=20 motivation to help the students from the people running the system = (most=20 importantly the people at the Department of Education).

When the people making the loans (the guarantors for the loans = &=20 even the Department of Education) lost the financial interest to = help the=20 students, but instead were given a financial incentive to want = students to=20 default & fail, the entire system became predatory, corrupted, = inflationary, etc. This is the most fundamental cause that = explains the=20 unchecked greed that came to dominate the colleges/universities. = Simply=20 returning the standard consumer protections that were taken away = (e.g.,=20 those HR 5043 reactivated) will fix this defect, and, over time, = the=20 various horrible things that were created will go away, and this = includes=20 the raping of the students by the schools.

Government interference in the Free Market has not worked, as = we see=20 --I want the Federal Government out of Higher Ed altogether, and = students=20 who were over-taxed to be reimbursed.

=20
Gordon Wayne=20 Watts June 2 at = 6:16pm=20
I was wrong = on some of=20 what I said regarding HR 5043... and I wanted to apologise:

As I was heading out the door for lunch earlier today, Jacob = Walsh, a=20 friend I haven't heard from in years call me up because he wanted = my help=20 in helping him apologise to Alan Collinge the head of Student Loan = Justice=20 -and it was because he changed his views on student loan = bankruptcy.

I was freaked out because of the timing of this -- since I had = planned,=20 while I was at lunch, to drop off a copy of my letter to the = editor that=20 you deleted in your AOL email (you prob. deleted it because it had = an=20 attachment --and I don't totally blame you).

Jacob has been a student loan officer for many years now, and = so I took=20 the chance to ask his opinion of the issue, so that if you and I = discussed=20 it further, I would know if I had taken a "common sense" approach.

Jacob looked up H.R. 5043 on the computer while we talked, and = he=20 brought to my attention that this affects only private student = loans -not=20 subsidised ones, such as Stafford.

I relayed to him your concern that bankruptcy protections would = chill=20 the market, and, as you say, cause a sharp decline in availability = of=20 loans; Jacob pointed out that credit card loans are typically on = the same=20 terms (interest, payment options, fees, etc.) as these private = loans, and=20 yet credit card loans have continued unabated -and that even = someone with=20 bad credit can find a lender.

He also pointed out that there would still be Stafford and = other=20 Federally-guaranteed loans available to student -and that they = would not=20 have any bankruptcy protections.

So, he concluded that your fears of a sharp decline in = availability of=20 loans were unfounded.

He also took a swipe at your stance on the issue, saying that = you were=20 not a 'true' republican, since he believes you are bought out by = the big=20 lenders to allow these loans to students, but I tried to defend = you on=20 this point, saying I believed you were truly conservative. Jacob = lives in=20 Indiana, and thus not a constituent in your district, but I fear = other=20 constituents might sympathise with the views he espoused.

Anyhow, now that I've clarified that HR 5043 doesn't touch = public or=20 backed loans, as they call them, and that even the private loans = would be=20 affected no differently than credit card loans (which are done all = the=20 time -with no difficulty), are your fears allied?

Lastly, if what you're saying is true about bankruptcy = protections=20 causing a sharp decline in student loans, then how did colleges = get by in=20 the 50's without soaking student -and ruining their creidt with = super high=20 loans that could not be discharged short of a full disability or = the like?=20 (My guess is the colleges learned to live within their means -and = obeyed=20 free market pressures.)

You'll enjoy my letter to the Tampa Tribune --it is quite short = and to=20 the point.

[38] Research paper=20 -- Comparison of Student Loan Debt Slavery = to=20 Civil War Slavery: Percentages of enslaved citizens, = types of=20 slavery and oppressions, and expected results

Comparison of Student Loan Debt Slavery to Civil = War=20 Slavery:


Percentages of enslaved = citizens, types=20 of slavery and oppressions, and expected results


Author: Gordon=20 Wayne Watts (=20 www.GordonWatts.com / www.GordonWayneWatts.com ) =96 Friday, 01 July=20 2011


This analysis = of the=20 relevant data asks this question:

=93Which form of slavery is more = prevalent in the=20 population, and what end result can be reasonably expected based = on the=20 data?=94 Comments of analysis (set off by: = =93Gordon's=20 Comments:=94) appear below each data entry to = show=20 relevance to the question under review.


SUMMARY: Normally, such a comparison would be insulting to = U.S.=20 African-American citizens, but in light of new figures of a = dramatic rise in = suicides (of students of = all colours,=20 ages, & genders) by stress = resultant=20 from Student Loan Defaults, this comparison is valid: Their blood = is worth=20 something.


[*] = =93Crushing=20 debt=94 (Chicago Sun-Times, BY DAVE NEWBART) September 24, 2007 = "Jan Yoder=20 was preparing for her son's funeral when the phone rang. It was = another=20 student loan collector wanting to know when her son would pay = up=85It was=20 those calls and the burden of crushing debt, she says, that led = her=20 depressed son to take the drastic action of killing himself late = last=20 month. ''When it gets to the point where people are fleeing the = country,=20 going off the grid or taking their own lives, you know something = has gone=20 horribly wrong,'' said Alan Collinge, founder of Student Loan = Justice,=20 which is pushing to change student lending laws.=94 http://www.ibhe.state.il.us/NewsDigest/NewsWeekly/092807.pdf (Higher Ed NewsWeekly: from the Illinois Board of Higher = Education, page 57) ~ http://nalert.blogspot.com/2007/09/student-loan-debt-drives-man-= to-suicide.html (Newsalert) See also: http://StudentLoanJustice.org

[*] = =93I=92m Thinking=20 of Suicide Because of My Student Loans. =96 John=94 = (GetOutOfDebt.org, undated=20 news story) =93Dear Steve, My student loans are almost $42,000 = dollars. I=20 pay almost $260 dollars per month and all but $12 dollars is = interest and=20 the principal continues to go higher=85I frequently think about = suicide;=20 thinking about my son is the only thing that has so far kept me = from=20 committing suicide. John=94 http://getoutofdebt.org/5493/im-thinking-of-suicide-because-of-m= y-student-loans-john See also, note: "36" below regarding the Bible standards = on=20 interest fees charges for loans.

[*] = "A Pastor's=20 Student Loan Debt" (NPR, by Libby Lewis) July 14, 2007 =93Dan = Lozer's tiny=20 paycheck means he'll be paying off those loans until 2029...Lozer = said=20 there was a time when he thought about suicide.=94 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3D11980696<= /FONT>

[*] = =93Company=92s=20 march toward student loan monopoly scary=94 (The News Tribune, By = ALAN=20 COLLINGE) 06/19/07 =93In Boston; a medical student can=92t get = licensed=20 because he can=92t pay $52,000 on what began as a $3,000 debt. A = suicide in=20 Oregon. A suicide in Maryland. People who have fled the country = due to the=20 explosion of their student loan debt. The list goes on and on.=94=20 http://www.thenewstribune.com/opinion/othervoices/story/90638.ht= ml See also: http://StudentLoanJustice.org


See:=20 http://GordonWatts.com/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html or:

http://GordonWayneWatts.com/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html<= /FONT> or even:

http://Gordon_Watts.Tripod.com/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html

for more=20 details.


DATA:


After the American = Revolution,=20 the Southern slave population exploded, reaching about 1.1 million = in 1810=20 and over 3.9 million in 1860. Source: http://eh.= net/encyclopedia/article/wahl.slavery.us


Total 1860=20 Population

Total=20 Free Population

27,489,561

Total=20 Slave Population

3,953,760

Grand=20 Total

31,443,321

http://www.civilw= arhome.com/population1860.htm=20



1860

31,443,000


http://www.wisegeek.com/what-was-the-population-of-t= he-us-throughout-its-history.htm

Gordon's = Comments: = Civil War = Home's figures=20 seem most accurate and are verified by EH.net and=20 WiseGeek.com

The figures show that African = American slaves=20 constituted 12.57% of the total population immediately before the = Civil=20 War =96in other words, when 12.5% of the population was oppressed = with=20 slavery, this was the 'tipping point' of the crisis. If and when a = similar=20 percentage of oppressed American citizens (of any demography) is=20 oppressed, we might expect a similar end result as was seen in the = Civil=20 War; economic oppression has been shown to have very strong = negative=20 results, no matte the context or demography under=20 oppression.


U.S. & = World=20 Population Clocks

U.S. = 311,666,453

World = 6,946,113,685

07:55 UTC (EST+5) = Jul 01, 2011=20 Source: http://www.census.g= ov/main/www/popclock.html=20


U.S. = Population, 2011:=20 310 Million and Growing

By Robert = Schlesinger

Posted: December = 30, 2010

Source:http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/robert-schlesinger/2010/12/3= 0/us-population-2011-310-million-and-growing=


Gordon's = Comments: = The official = U.S. Census=20 website seems not only the most accurate (as verified by similar = figures=20 from USNews.com), but also (and as more importantly) an official = source.=20 We then take [accept] the U.S. Population to be 311,666,453, as=20 stated.


Nearly 12 percent = of borrowers=20 who began repayment in fiscal 2007 defaulted within three years = =96 up from=20 9.2 percent for 2006. But at for-profit colleges, the rate was = 21.2=20 percent within three years, The Associated Press calculated from = the=20 government's data. That was up from 18.8 percent for fiscal=20 2006...However, the new data show more than 300 colleges =96 more = than 85=20 percent of them for-profit schools =96 had three-year default = rates higher=20 than 30 percent. Those schools will have to improve when the rules = kick in=20 or risk losing federal aid...The figures do not include private = student=20 loans, just those from the government.

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/14/student-loan-defaults-1= -i_n_390821.html


Gordon's=20 Comments: I'm just=20 looking for total numbers of loans (or total numbers of students) = and then=20 the total number of defaulted (and also distressed) loans =96in = order to get=20 a simple percentage. The Huffington Post's figures are hard to pin = down to=20 a specific total, but they may possibly be useful in gauging other = figures=20 =96to make sure that any other sources are at least "in the = ballpark" and=20 close enough to be accepted as accurate. Since the Huffington = Post's=20 figures don't include private loans, then the genuine numbers are = going to=20 be higher.


Borrowers in the = 2005 cohort=20 faced a range of circumstances and options as they started = repaying their=20 loans, and continued to do so as they moved along the path of = trying to=20 meet their repayment obligations. The study looks at whether these = borrowers became delinquent at some point during that period or = availed=20 themselves of various options to postpone or delay repayment = during their=20 first five years in repayment...The defaulters. About 15 percent = of=20 borrowers not only became delinquent, but also had defaulted on = their=20 loan(s) at some point during the first five years of their = repayment term.=20 In total, 41 percent of the borrowers faced the negative = consequences of=20 delinquency or default. It is important to recognize that for = every=20 borrower who defaults there are at least two others who were also=20 delinquent on their student loans, but successfully avoided = default. These=20 data illustrate that many more borrowers are having difficulty = repaying=20 their loans in a timely manner than is generally recognized when = the focus=20 is on default rates alone. These patterns are both a cause for = concern and=20 an opportunity for improvement.

Source: = http://www.ihep.org/assets/files/publ= ications/a-f/Delinquency-The_Untold_Story_FINAL_March_2011.pdf


Gordon's=20 Comments: Here, the=20 IHEP.org (Institute for Higher Education Policy) website makes = more=20 specific claims.

First, let's look at the = Huffington Post's=20 stat: "Nearly 12 percent of borrowers who = began=20 repayment in fiscal 2007 defaulted within three=20 years," and now let's look a comparable = IHEP stat:=20 "About 15 percent of borrowers=20 [in the 2005 'cohort' -a group = with similar=20 demographics under = study] not only=20 became delinquent, but also had defaulted on their loan(s) at some = point=20 during the first five years of their repayment=20 term." Since the IHEP studied students = for 5=20 years, not 3 =96and also included delinquency, it is not = surprising that=20 their 15% figure is larger than the Huffington Post's 12% figure, = and also=20 (most significantly), the two figures are similar enough to verify = one=20 another. Therefore, when IHEP states that the total percentage of=20 borrowers facing "delinquency=20 or default" was 41%, we have a source that = we can=20 trust =96and, relevant to our question, we have an 'overall' = figure we can=20 trust for future analysis and=20 calculations.


A whopping 46.3 = percent of=20 federal loans distributed to students at for-profit colleges in = 2008 would=20 go into default, according to new Education Department data...This = figure=20 is significantly larger than the rate of default on student loans = overall,=20 which in 2008 amounted to 15.8 percent.

Sources: = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/23/46-percent-d= efault-rate-o_n_800283.html

citing: = http://ifap.ed.gov/eannouncements/122010CDRlifetimerate2010.html<= /A>

and: http://ifap.ed.gov/eannouncements/= attachments/122010CDRlifetimerateexplanationattachmentone2010.pdf=

and: http://ifap.ed.gov/eannouncements/atta= chments/122010CDRlifetimerateattachment2ratechart2010.pdf


Gordon's=20 Comments: The Huffington Post's 15.8% figure = for=20 'overall' 2008 defaults is similar to the previous two 'default' = figures,=20 and their projection of 46.3% is also similar to the 41% figure = from IHEP=20 for "delinquency or default" loans =96and this seems reasonable, = since many=20 of the 'delinquency' loans in the IHEP figure might reasonably be = expected=20 to eventually default, thus pushing the figure up. -- Thus, let's = take=20 46.3% to be the figure of total Student Loans we expect to = eventually=20 default.


Student = Loans are the=20 New Indentured Servitude

By Mike Konczal =

Oct 12 2009, 12:35 = PM ET

Source: = http://www.theatlantic.com/busi= ness/archive/2009/10/student-loans-are-the-new-indentured-servitude/28235= /


Gordon's=20 Comments: This is vague and offers no solid = data, but=20 this widely-accepted 'new reality'=20 ("Student=20 Loans are the New Indentured=20 Servitude") does seem to verify specific data = from other=20 sources.


More Than 1 = in 3 Federal=20 Student Loan Borrowers Struggling to Make Payments

Source:=20 http://studentlendinganalytics.typepad.com/student_lending_an= alytics/2009/10/more-than-1-in-3-federal-student-loan-borrowers-strugglin= g-to-make-payments.html


Gordon's=20 Comments: This 33.3% figure seems to support = figures=20 cited above.


Student Loan = Debt=20 Surpasses Credit Card Debt-What to Do?

When the numbers = shake out,=20 that=92s nearly $830 billion of student loan debt compared to the = more than=20 $825 billion of credit card debt. Unlike credit card debt, people = cannot=20 have federally-guaranteed student loans erased by declaring = bankruptcy.=20 And the government can garnish Social Security payments and tax = refunds if=20 a person defaults on student loan payments...Students take out = loans to=20 better themselves, to create a future in an industry or business = sector=20 and to earn a living so that they can raise a family and become a=20 productive part of society. And as tuition rates rise, more = students and=20 families are borrowing to the point of no return...Higher = education has=20 always been considered as a "good debt," because it presumably = leads to a=20 well- paying career. But for some, it=92s becoming just the = opposite.

http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-= finance/2010/09/20/student-loan-debt-surpasses-credit-card-debt/<= /SPAN>


Gordon's=20 Comments: This tidbit of information=20 (Student=20 Loan Debt Surpasses=20 Credit) seems to support the hypothesis or = theory=20 that Student Loan debt is a 'real' problem with a genuinely high = default=20 rate due to unreasonable and/or unconstitutional terms and = conditions =96in=20 spite of any 'official' figures to the=20 contrary.


It is important to = note that=20 while these two types of debt weigh roughly equally upon the = citizenry,=20 media coverage of credit cards exceeds coverage of student loans = by a=20 factor of approximately 15-to-1 based on unscientific news surveys = conducted since 2007. Source: http:/= /studentloanjustice.org/press_release8-6-10.html

Gordon's=20 Comments: This disparity in news coverage = between=20 'credit card' debt and 'Student Loan' debt might explain, in part, = why the=20 Student Loan crisis has been allowed to proceed=20 unchecked.


Government = Cashes In On=20 Defaulted Student Loans

Defaulting on = student loans=20 can be a nightmare for borrowers but, according to the Wall Street = Journal, the practice is a boon to the national bank account. = Every time a=20 student defaults on a loan, the government can earn thousands of = dollars=20 more in interest than if the loan had been paid in earnest over = time --=20 and one expert says this gives the government a "perverted = incentive" to=20 watch as loans default. Mark Kantrowitz, the publisher of = FinAid.org,=20 provided the Journal with an example of how the government profits = from=20 defaults: According to Kantrowitz, the government stands to earn = $2,010.44=20 more in interest from a $10,000 loan that defaulted than if it had = been=20 paid in full over a 20-year term, and $6,522.00 more than if it = had been=20 paid back in 10 years...Defaulting on student loans carries severe = consequences for borrowers, including ineligibility for future = federal=20 aid. The loans are are almost never discharged, even in the event = of a=20 borrower's death.

Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/05/government-cash= es-in-on-d_n_804582.html=20


Gordon's=20 Comments: This conflict of interest here = that the U.S.=20 Government has for student loans to default might explain, in = part, why=20 the government has NOT tried harder to put a stop to this = oppression:=20 Their conflict of interest, here, is a financial motive for the = student to=20 fail.


Government = Sees High=20 Returns On Defaulted Student Loans

According to White = House=20 budget figures for fiscal 2011 ending in September, the federal = government=20 expects gross recovery of between $1.10 and $1.22 for every dollar = of=20 defaulted student loans...While students may default on their = loans, it is=20 nearly impossible to discharge student loan debt, even in = bankruptcy. The=20 government can garnish a borrower's wages, withhold tax returns = and siphon=20 off Social Security and disability payments in order to recover = the funds.=20 Collection costs stretch out the defaulted loan's term, with those = payments taking precedence over principal reduction. That, in = turn,=20 allows the government to tack on extra interest.

Source: = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704723104= 576061953842079760.html


Gordon's=20 Comments: There is sometimes an 85% = return-rate cited=20 regarding Student Loans = ("After paying the companies that = actually=20 collect the loans and other costs, the U.S. Department of = Education=20 expects to recover 85% of defaulted federal loan dollars based on = current=20 value," from the=20 same article), in which the Government is said to get 85% or so of = defaulted loans paid back, through such things as garnishing one's = paycheck, social security check, etc., but this does not account = for=20 interest and fees, which appear to drive the figures up. What is = not clear=20 is whether or not this pushes the total principle up enough to = make up for=20 the fees that the collection agencies get, so that the government = gets=20 more than 100% of the original loan. That is, 122% is gross = return, but it=20 is not clear if the net return is more than 100%.=20 However, I suspect it=20 is, since=20 this may refer to 85% of an "inflated" principal payment, one that = grew=20 larger due to capitolised interest, thus making it over 100% of = the=20 original loan. The prior source=20 ("Government Cashes In On Defaulted = Student=20 Loans," Huffington=20 Post) seems to=20 support this = analysis.


Few students can = afford to pay=20 for college without some form of education financing. Two-thirds = (65.6%)=20 of 4-year undergraduate students graduated with a Bachelor's = degree and=20 some debt in 2007-08, and the average student loan debt among = graduating=20 seniors was $23,186 (excluding PLUS Loans but including Stafford, = Perkins,=20 state, college and private loans). Among graduating 4-year = undergraduate=20 students who applied for federal student aid, 86.3% borrowed to pay for their=20 education and the average cumulative debt was $24,651. = Source: http://www.finaid.org/loans/


Gordon's=20 Comments: This is important because once we = know how=20 many students there are, we can then directly calculate the number = of=20 students who took out loans. While the 86.3% refers only to 4-year = Undergrad students, probably about the same percentage (or even = more) of=20 vocational/technical students must borrow, since there is = typically less=20 scholarship monies for vocational schools. So, let's be = conservative and=20 take 90% as the total number of students who must take out loans = to go to=20 institutions of Higher=20 Education.


This table from = the NCES=20 (National Center for Education Statistics) gives the number of = first-time=20 freshmen enrolling in fall 2004 as 2,630,000. This includes both = 2-year=20 and 4-year colleges. 2004 is the most recent year for which these=20 statistics are available from the NCES.


NCES: Digest of = Education=20 Statistics Tables and Figures

Sources: = ht= tp://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05_179.asp=20

h= ttp://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/771417.html

citing: = ht= tp://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d05/tables/dt05_179.asp=20


Gordon's=20 Comments: This figure is important because = it is a=20 benchmark estimate of how many 'total' students enter college each = year=20 =96inclusive of both 2-year (vocational/technical) and 4-year = ('regular'=20 bachelor degree) colleges &=20 universities.


Table 28. = Actual and=20 alternative projected numbers for bachelor=92s degrees, by sex of = recipient:=20 1993=9694 through 2018=9619 [page 74]

Actual (Total: Men = and Women)=20 2006=9607...1,524,092

Source:http://nces.ed.gov/pu= bs2009/2009062.pdf


Gordon's=20 Comments: This figure is only for 4-year = bachelor=20 degree colleges, but it can be used to make sure the 'total' = figure from=20 Ed.gov above is reasonable. Let's see here: 1,524,092 is the = actual number=20 of bachelor's degree students who were in college in the 2006-07 = school=20 year, and this is a little bit less than the 'total' 2004 figure = of=20 2,630,000 given by the Dept of Education, above. Thus, these = figures seem=20 to agree with one another and seem reasonable.=20


Data from The = Institute for=20 College Access and Success shows that the number of students who = graduate=20 with at least $40,000 in student loans increased nine-fold between = 1996=20 and 2008.


Sally Raskoff at = Everyday=20 Sociology offers some explanations for the data: (1) College has = been=20 getting more expensive; among other reasons, states cut education = budgets.=20 (2) For-profit colleges have also become a larger proportion of = all=20 colleges and students in these colleges are more likely to take = out loans.=20 (3) Given a bad economy, students are less likely to have jobs = while in=20 school. Other explanations? Stories?

Source: http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2010/05/23/number-of-colleg= e-students-owing-40000-in-school-loans-1996-2008/


Gordon's=20 Comments: This data shows a historic trend = towards=20 disaster, and it thus becomes useful in projections: We are in = deep, deep=20 dooky. (Note: While this is a little humour here with the = colourful 'deep=20 dooky' language, it is meant more to help remember a specific and=20 important fact: Studies show that when a person becomes emotional = =96as you=20 might become when you laugh out loud about the 'deep dooky' = comment,=20 he/she generally can retain long-term memory of items more easily. = Other=20 emotions thought to evoke this phenomenon, besides humour, are = love, fear,=20 and anger. So, this colourful language stays =96in this official = report: We=20 are, economically-speaking, in deep=20 dooky.-Editor


According to the = National=20 Center for Educational Statistics, 18.2 million students enrolled = in=20 college in 2007. Overall, around 39% of 18- to 24-year-olds were = enrolled=20 in college that year, and an additional 447,000 students were = attending=20 non-degree institutions of higher learning.

Sources: = http://howtoedu.org/college-facts/how-many-people-go-to-co= llege-every-year/

citing: = http://nces.= ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=3D98


Gordon's=20 Comments: This shows total numbers of Higher = Ed=20 (college/university) students enrolled in a recent given school = year, 2007=20 in this case: 18.2 Million college students and 0.447 Million = "non-degree"=20 institutions of higher ed total 18.647 Million in sum for 2007.=20 Analysis: If there were 2,630,000 first-time = freshmen=20 enrolling in fall 2004 (Ed.gov figures) and 18,647,000 total = students=20 enrolled, that means that 1st-time freshmen constituted about = 14.1%, or=20 about 1-in-7 of all students. This is reasonable because, besides = these=20 freshmen, you have sophomores, juniors, seniors, masters, and = doctoral=20 students =96as well as both vocational and non-degree-institution = students.=20 THEREFORE, all figures cited above seem to = agree with=20 one another, and thus they seem reasonable when looked at from any = angle.


RESULTS:


Gordon's=20 FINAL=20 Comments: Now, let's analyse these figures = & see=20 what (truth) we=20 find...


  • The U.S.=20 Population was estimated to be 311,666,453 at any given time in = the near=20 past, present, or = future.

  • At any=20 given time (in the same era: the near past, present, or future = =96thus the=20 figures are comparable), there are about 18,647,000 total = students=20 enrolled in institutions of Higher=20 Education.

  • We=20 estimate that about 90% of these students must take out loans to = proceed=20 with their = education.

  • The=20 total number of students with student loans (about 90% of the = total=20 students enrolled at any given time) is about=20 16,782,300.

  • Of the=20 approximately 16,782,300 students with student loans, about some = will=20 eventually default, and we rely on earlier figures to=20 estimate.

  • Although=20 a whopping 46.3 percent of federal loans distributed to students = at=20 for-profit colleges in 2008 are expected to eventually go into = default,=20 let's be conservative and remember that, when considering total = figures,=20 only about 41% of the borrowers faced the negative consequences = of=20 delinquency or default, and this is the 'relevant' figure since, = for=20 every borrower who defaults, there are at least two others who = were also=20 delinquent on their student loans, but successfully avoided=20 default.

  • Of the=20 approximately 16,782,300 students with student loans, we can=20 conservatively expect about 41% to default, and this is about = 6,880,743=20 students total.

  • The=20 total number of students in America at any given time who will=20 eventually go into default (6,880,743) represent only about = 2.21% of the=20 total U.S. Population (311,666,453), not near as many as the = percentage=20 of African American slaves (12.57%) in the total U.S. Population = right=20 before the American Civil=20 War.

  • CONCLUSIONS:

  • Therefore, since the percentage of = oppressed=20 students (2.21% of total population =96or = 1-in-45 -a=20 conservative estimate: the actual number is probably somewhat=20 higher) in debt slavery (or indentured = servitude)=20 is currently far less than that of the African American slaves = during=20 the Civil War era = (12.57% =96or 1-in-8 -of total = contemporary=20 Civil War era U.S.=20 population), we can reasonably conclude that, = absent=20 massive news media pressure =96or a miracle, we can=20 not expect any change of the status = quo whereby=20 the banks and lenders cease and desist profiting off of students = simply=20 trying to better themselves and have a chance to get a job = =96students who=20 have little choice but to go to college and pursue a higher = education.=20 Also, since African American slaves were treated worse, even = than=20 college students in default, then, we can not expect as much = societal=20 pressure to enact change on behalf of oppressed students. But, = data from=20 The Institute for College Access and Success shows that the = number of=20 students who graduate with at least $40,000 in student loans = increased=20 nine-fold between 1996 and 2008, and this = trend=20 directly impacts upon suicide rates among distressed students: = As the=20 suicide=20 rate (and=20 other social injury & economy woes) directly attributable to = distress from Student Loans going into default continues to rise = (as we=20 might expect from these "nine-fold increase" trends =96and = worsening=20 economy), we might also expect the 2.21% = figure for=20 distressed "Student Loan" borrowers as a percentage of total = U.S.=20 Population to increase to 5% (1-in-20) in the near future. = Furthermore,=20 the 5% projected figure here only refers to distressed Student = Loan=20 borrowers, and does not include any other economically or = socially=20 oppressed class. The true numbers of oppressed Americans, when=20 calculating totals from all social strata is easily 15% at = present =96the=20 same percentage of oppressed African American slaves =96and thus = is it not=20 untenable to expect social unrest and/or violence and/or an = uptick in=20 suicide rates and stress-related health problems in the near = future.=20 This projected social and financial unrest would reasonably (and = hopefully) be expected to place more pressure to enact positive = change=20 on behalf of oppressed students and other oppressed classes of = American=20 citizens. =96 Calling it what it is: After at least partly = eradicating=20 racial oppression, we have now found a new class of slaves: = economic=20 = slavery/oppression.

    • (personal = notes: private=20 email)

    Subject: Interesting comparison between % of = slaves=20 & % of 'debt' slaves.=20 Hmm...

     

    Alan:

     

    You've heard of 'Godwin's Law' (aka = 'Godwin's=20 Rule'), which states that as an online argument grows longer and = more=20 heated, it becomes increasingly likely that somebody will bring up = Adolf=20 Hitler or the Nazis. When such an event occurs, the person guilty = of=20 invoking Godwin's Law then *supposedly* forfeits the=20 argument.

     

    However, what I'm going to try and=20 invent here is 'The Gordon = Rule' (no, not the = one which=20 requires students to write 3000 words in order to receive liberal = studies=20 credit, but rather), a slavery analogue to the Godwin's = Law, except=20 in this case, I hope to win the argument.

     

    I hypothesise that = the percentage of=20 slave-debt indentured servitude students viz-a-viz the total = student=20 population is approaching (or maybe has surpassed?) the percentage = of=20 African American slaves viz-a-viz the total population of = that era...=20 and, I think that we won't have a Student Loan Default = 'revolution' until=20 the total percentage of 'debt slaves' equal pretty close to the = same=20 percentage of African American slaves -at which time we had the = 'American'=20 revolution.

     

    So, I'm compiling data --still not = fully=20 analysed yet, but here's the raw data --I've now got enough = raw data=20 now to actually study. -- Here's a copy for you, should you find = it=20 useful. -- See the attached -- or inline text=20 below:


    [[39]] College tuition in the United = States

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Jump to: navigation,=20 search=20

    The term college tuition refers to fees that students = have to=20 pay to colleges in the United = States. Pay=20 increases in the U.S. have caused chronic controversy since = shortly after=20 World War = II. Except=20 for its military academies, the U.S. federal government does not = directly=20 support higher = education.=20 Instead it has offered programs of loans and grants, dating back = to the Mor= rill=20 Act during the U.S. = Civil War=20 and the "G.I. = Bill"=20 programs implemented after World War = II. Developed=20 countries whose national governments directly support higher = education=20 tend toward more moderate patterns of change in college tuitions and = different=20 forms of controversy.

    Contents

    • 1 Causes=20
      • 1.1 Bubble=20 Theory=20
      • 1.2 Cost = shifting and=20 Privatization=20
      • 1.3 Student=20 Loan=20
      • 1.4 Lack = of consumer=20 protection=20
      • 1.5 Additional=20 factors=20
      • 1.6 Recommendations
    • 2 Historical=20 trends=20
    • 3 Recent=20 trends=20
    • 4 Disproportional=20 inflation of college costs=20
    • 5 Economic = and social=20 concerns=20
      • 5.1 Economic=20 concerns=20
      • 5.2 Social=20 concerns
    • 6 Student = loan=20 debt=20
    • 7 See = also=20
    • 8 References and=20 notes=20
    • 9 External=20 links

    Causes

    Bubble = Theory

    Main article: Higher=20 education bubble

    The view that higher education is a bubble is = controversial. Most=20 economists do not think the returns to college education are = falling.[2]=20 In a financial bubble, assets like houses are sometimes = purchased=20 with a view to reselling at a higher price, and this can = produce=20 rapidly escalating prices as people speculate on future = prices. An=20 end to the spiral can provoke abrupt selling of the assets,=20 resulting in an abrupt collapse in price =97 the bursting of = the=20 bubble. Because the asset acquired through college = attendance =97 a=20 higher education =97 cannot be sold (only rented through = wages), there=20 is no similar mechanism that would cause an abrupt collapse = in the=20 value of existing degrees. For this reason, many people[who?]=20 find this analogy misleading. However, one rebuttal to the = claims=20 that a bubble analogy is misleading is the observation that = the=20 'bursting' of the bubble are the negative effects on = students who=20 incur student debt, for example, as the American Association = of=20 State Colleges and Universities reports that "Students are = deeper in=20 debt today than ever before...The trend of heavy debt = burdens=20 threatens to limit access to higher education, particularly = for=20 low-income and first-generation students, who tend to carry = the=20 heaviest debt burden. Federal student aid policy has = steadily put=20 resources into student loan programs rather than need-based = grants=20 (see graph), a trend that straps future generations with = high debt=20 burdens. Even students who receive federal grant aid are = finding it=20 more difficult to pay for college."[3]

    Cost=20 shifting and Privatization
    Study comparing = college revenue=20 per student by tuition and state funding in 2008 = dollars.[= 1]
    See also: Privatization&nbs= p;and=20 Private=20 university

    One proposed cause of increased tuition is the reduction of = state and=20 federal appropriations to colleges thus making them shift the = cost over=20 to students in the form of higher tuition.[<= /SPAN>4][5]=20 This has mostly applied to public universities which in 2011 for = the first=20 time have taken in more in tuition than in state funding[5]=20 and had the greatest increases in tuition[= 1].=20 Implied from this shift away from public funding to tuition is=20 privatization, although the New York Times reports such claims are = exaggerated.[5]

    Student = Loan

    Another proposed cause of increased tuition is U.S. Congress'=20 occasional raising of the 'loan limits' of student loans, in which = the=20 increased availability of students to take out deeper loans sends = a=20 message to colleges and universities that students can 'afford = more,' and=20 then, in response, institutions of higher education raise tuition = to=20 match, leaving the student back where he began, but deeper in = debt.=20 Therefore, if the students are able to afford a much higher amount = than=20 the free market = would=20 otherwise support for students without the ability to take out a = loan,=20 then the tuition is 'bid up' to the new, higher, level that the = student=20 can now afford with loan subsidies.[6]=20 One rebuttal to that theory is the fact that even in years when = loan=20 limits have not risen, tuition has still continued to climb.[7][8]=20 However, that may not disprove this proposed cause: It may simply = mean=20 that other factors besides 'loan limit' increases played a part in = the=20 increases in tuition.

    Lack of=20 consumer protection

    A third, novel, theory claims that the recent change in federal = law=20 removing all standard consumer protections (truth in lending, = bankruptcy=20 proceedings, statutes of limits, etc.) strips students of the = ability to=20 declare bankruptcy, and, in response, the lenders and colleges = know that=20 students, defenseless to declare bankruptcy, are on the hook for = any=20 amount that they borrow -including late fees and interest (which = can be=20 capitalized and increase the principal loan amount), thus removing = the=20 incentive to provide the student with a reasonable loan that = he/she can=20 pay back.[7][8]=20 Under this theory, it would be more profitable for the lender if = the=20 student defaulted (due to the increases in the amount of the loan = after=20 fees and interest are capitalized), and thus there is no free=20 market pressure-type motive for the lender or the college to = help the=20 student avoid default. This is especially true because the = government, if=20 it is the lender or guarantor of the loan, has the ability to = garnish the=20 borrower's wages, tax return, and Social Security Disability = income=20 without a court order.[9]=20 Some have called the Federal Government 'predatory' for making = loans which=20 will have such a high default rate, since the default rate for = Student=20 Loans is projected to reach 46.3% of all federal loans disbursed = to=20 students at for-profit colleges in 2008.[10]<= /SPAN>[11]=

    Additional=20 factors

    Other factors[<= /SPAN>4]=20 that have been implicated in increased tuition include the = following:

    • The practice of 'tuition discounting,' in which a college = awards=20 financial aid from its own funds. This assistance to = low-income=20 students by the college or university means that 'paying' = students=20 have to 'make up' for the difference: Increased tuition. This = factor=20 becomes more pronounced in modern times, since more students = nowadays=20 are going to college, which means that there are less State = and=20 Federal grant funds available per student.
    • According to Mark Kantrowitz, a recognised expert in this = area,=20 "The most significant contributor to tuition increases at = public and=20 private colleges is the cost of instruction. It accounts for a = quarter=20 of the tuition increase at public colleges and a third of the = increase=20 at private colleges."
    • Kantriwitz' study also found that "Complying with the = increasing=20 number of regulations =96 in particular, with the reporting = requirements=20 =96 adds to college costs," thus contributing to a rise in = tuition to=20 pay for these additional costs.

    Recommendations

    Based on the available data, a number of recommendations to = address=20 rising tuition have been advanced by both experts and consumer and = students' rights advocates:

    • Colleges and universities should look for ways to reduce = costs of=20 instructor and administrator expenditures (e.g., cut salaries = and/or=20 reduce staff).[12][13]
    • State and Federal governments should increase = appropriations,=20 grants, and contracts to colleges and universities.[12][14]= [15]=
    • Federal, state, and local governments should reduce the = regulatory=20 burden on colleges and universities.[<= /SPAN>4]
    • The Federal Government should enact partial or total loan=20 forgiveness for students who have taken out student loans.[13][16]= [17]= [18]=
    • Federal Lawmakers should return standard consumer = protections=20 (truth in lending, bankruptcy proceedings, statutes of = limitations,=20 etc.) to Student Loans which were removed by the passage of = the=20 Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-394, enacted October = 22,=20 1994), which amended the FFELP (Federal Family Education Loan=20 Program).[13][19]= [20]=
    • Cut lender subsidies, decrease student reliance on loans = to pay=20 for college, and otherwise reduce the 'loan limits' to limit = the=20 amount a student may borrow.[13][21]= [22]=
    • Regulatory or legislative action to lower or freeze the = tuition,=20 such as Canada's tuition = freeze=20 model, should be enacted by federal lawmakers:[23]=
    • More research should be done: Recognised financial expert, = Mark=20 Kantrowitz, issued the following recommendations[<= /SPAN>4]:
    • "The National Center for Education Statistics should = increase=20 the frequency of the National Postsecondary Student Aid = Study to=20 annual, from triennial, in order to permit more timely = tracking of=20 the factors affecting tuition rate increases. Likewise, NCES = (National Center for Education Statistics) should take steps = to=20 improve the efficiency of the data collection and = publication for=20 the Digest of Education Statistics, so that all tables will = include=20 more recent data. The most recent data listed in some tables = is five=20 years old."
    • "The US Department of Education should study the = relationship=20 between increases in average EFC (Expected Family = Contribution)=20 figures and average tuition rates. In addition, it would be=20 worthwhile to examine how historical average EFC figures = have=20 changed relative to family income when measured on a current = and=20 constant dollar basis for each income=20 quartile."
    • Lastly, in order to offset the costs of tuition, some = colleges=20 help students in job searches and job placement after = graduation.[24]=

    Historical=20 trends

    The first chart compares standard undergraduate = annual=20 tuition and fees charged by major U.S. public, U.S. private and Canadian public = 4-year=20 college, showing both current U.S. = dollars=20 during the years from 1940 to 2000 and U.S. dollars adjusted to = the year=20 2000 by using the U.S. Consumer = Price=20 Index series.[25]= [26]= [27]=

    Tuition at the University = of=20 Toronto tracked close to inflation rates during the entire = period.[28]= =20 The University of=20 Iowa had rapid increases in tuition during the 1950s and then = tracked=20 close to inflation rates since that time.[29]= =20 The Massachusetts=20 Institute of Technology (MIT), among the most expensive of the = private=20 U.S. educational institutions throughout the 20th century,[30]= =20 had continual large tuition increases, dipping slightly below = inflation=20 rates only during the World War II years.[31]= [32]=

    Over the 60-year period charted, the inflation-adjusted, long = term,=20 annual increases in tuition at these institutions were 0.4 percent = for the=20 University of Toronto, 1.4 percent for the University of Iowa, and = 2.1=20 percent for MIT.[33]= =20 Other institutions in the same categories differ in details but = not in=20 general patterns.[34]= =20 The results of the trends are that over the 60 years shown, = adjusted for=20 inflation, the tuition at the University of Iowa increased by a = factor of=20 2.3 and that at MIT by a factor of 3.6, while tuition at the = University of=20 Toronto rose only about 30 percent.[35]=

    Recent = trends

    This chart compares average undergraduate tuition and fees = charged by=20 about 600 U.S. public and 1,350 U.S. private, non-profit 4-year = colleges=20 during years from 1993 through 2004.,[36]= =20 both unadjusted and adjusted to the year 2004 by using the U.S. Consumer = Price=20 Index series. Data were not available for years 1994, 1995 and = 1999.

    During the 11-year period charted, both public and private, = nonprofit=20 colleges regularly posted tuition increases well above inflation = rates.=20 Peak increases for private colleges were in 1997, after the U.S. = economy=20 began booming growth. Peak increases for public colleges were in = 2003,=20 after state budgets supporting most of them were crimped by a = sharp=20 economic recession. Over this period, annual, inflation-adjusted = tuition=20 increases at public colleges averaged 4.0 percent, while those at = private,=20 non-profit colleges averaged 3.5 percent. Cumulative results over = this=20 period are average public tuitions growing 53 percent above = inflation, and=20 average private, nonprofit tuitions growing 47 percent above = inflation. As=20 of 2004, private, nonprofit colleges cost on average 3.3 times as = much as=20 public colleges attended by residents of their states.

    Disproportional inflation of college = costs

    "Disproportional inflation" refers to inflation in a particular = economic sector that is substantially greater than inflation in = general=20 costs of living. This kind of inflation for medical costs in = recent=20 decades is well known. However, that of college tuition and fees = exceeds=20 that of medical costs.

    The following graph shows the inflation rates of general costs = of=20 living (for urban consumers; the CPI-U), medical costs (medical = costs=20 component of the consumer = price=20 index (CPI)), and college and tuition and fees for private = four-year=20 colleges (from College = Board data)=20 from 1978 to 2008. All rates are computed relative to 1978.

    Cost of living increased roughly 3.25-fold during this = time;=20 medical costs inflated roughly 6-fold; but college tuition = and fees=20 inflation approached 10-fold. Another way to say this is = that=20 whereas medical costs inflated at twice the rate of = cost-of-living,=20 college tuition and fees inflated at four times the rate of=20 cost-of-living inflation. Thus, even after controlling for = the=20 effects of general inflation, 2008 college tuition and fees = posed=20 three times the burden as in 1978.

    According to "College Board", the average tuition price = for a=20 4-year public college in 2008-2009 is now $6,585 compared to = 2004=20 where the price was slightly above $5,000. The average price = of=20 in-state tuition vs out-of-state tuition for 2008-2009 was = $6,585=20 for a in-state 4-year college to $17,452 for out-of-state 4 = year=20 college (collegeboard.com).

    Economic=20 and social concerns

    Economic=20 concerns

    Long-term price trends make higher education an = especially=20 inflationary sector of the U.S. economy, with tuition = increases in=20 recent years sometimes outpacing even explosive health = care=20 sectors.[38]= =20 These trends are sources of continuing controversy in the = United=20 States over costs of higher education[39]= =20 and their potential for limiting the country's achievements = in=20 democracy, fairness and social justice.[40]=

    		[37]=

    =

    Today, some companies offer tuition reimbursement to = students.

    Social = concerns

    Besides economic effects of rapidly increasing debt burdens = placed on=20 students, social ramifications are felt. One of these is the = increase in=20 suicides directly attributable to the stress related to distressed = and=20 defaulted student loans.[41]= [42]= [43]= [44]=

    Student loan=20 debt

    A closely related issue is the alarming increase in student = borrowing=20 to finance college education and resulting student = loan debt. In=20 the 2007-2008 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS), = the median=20 cumulative debt among graduating 4-year undergraduate students was = $19,999; one quarter borrowed $30,526 or more, and one tenth = borrowed=20 $44,668 or more.[45]= =20 In fact, for the first time in the history of America, 'Student = Loan' debt=20 has surpassed 'Credit Card' debt.[9]

    Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence that students are = still=20 getting good value for their investment in an education.[citation=20 needed] Since the mid-1980s, education has = played a=20 large part in potential wages,[citation=20 needed] with bachelor's degree holders taking = home an=20 average of 38% more than those with only a high school = diploma.[citation=20 needed] While college-educated workers' wages = have=20 increased over the past two decades, those with only a high school = education have seen decreases in annual salaries in the same time=20 period.[46]=

    The material in this table is additional commentary, = and not=20 part of the original Wikipedia article.--Editor.

  • * There is also substantial evidence that students are = not=20 getting good value for their investment in an education. = Some=20 colleges and universities in the United States are now = participating=20 in grade inflation. --=20 = http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2011/07/chart-its-easier-ever-get= -good-grades-college/39986

  • * Some economists believe that too many people attend = college.=20 --=20 = http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2010/05/education

  • * Not all positions require an individual to obtain a = college=20 degree. College students who have acquired a burden of = college debt=20 often risk defaulting on their student loans which can lower = the=20 individual's credit score. --=20 = http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/jeremy-simon-default-cosign-s= tudent-loan-credit-score-1508.php

  • * Some employers will be reluctant to hire an individual = with=20 bad credit. -- http://articles.moneycentral.msn.com/Banking/YourCreditRa= ting/how-bad-credit-can-cost-you-a-job.aspx

  • * Even though the U.S. spends more on education than = most other=20 developed countries, and the U.S. has a disproportionate = share of=20 the top-ranked universities in the world, America *still* = has a low=20 quality of Higher Education. --=20 = http://www.usnews.com/articles/education/worlds-best-universities/2010/09= /21/worlds-best-universities-top-400-.html

    [*] "U.S. Teens Trail Peers Around World on Math-Science = Test,"=20 Maria Glod, Washington Post, Dec 5, 2007; Page A07 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007= /12/04/AR2007120400730.html
    [*]=20 "U.S. falls in education rank compared to other countries," = Elaine=20 Wu (U-Wire), 10-04-2005, The Kapi=91o Newspress http://www.google.com/search?hl=3Den&q=3D%22falls+in+= education+rank+compared+to+other+countries%22+%22Elaine+Wu%22&aq=3Df&= amp;oq=3D&aqi=3D=20 And http://search.yahoo.com/search?p=3D%22falls+in+education+= rank+compared+to+other+countries%22+%22Elaine+Wu%22&toggle=3D1&co= p=3Dmss&ei=3DUTF-8&fr=3Dyfp-t-832=20 (Key phrases search: "falls in education rank compared to = other=20 countries" "Elaine Wu")
    [*] "U.S. slips lower in coding = contest:=20 In what could be an ominous sign for the U.S. tech industry, = American universities slipped lower in an international = programming=20 contest," Ed Frauenheim, News.com, Posted on ZDNet News: Apr = 7, 2005=20 http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-142206.html=

    End of additional comments found in later versions of = said=20 article but not in the one so cited.--Editor=20

    • The U.S. spends more on education than most other developed = countries,=20 and the U.S. has a disproportionate share of the top-ranked = universities=20 in the world.[47]=

    See also

    References = and=20 notes

    1. ^ a<= /B>=20 b<= /B>=20 "Trends in College Spending 1998-2008" Delta = Cost=20 Project.=20
    2. ^=20 Claudia Goldin, Lawrence F. Katz = (2008).=20 The Race Between Education and Technology. The Belknap = Press of=20 Harvard University Press. =20
    3. ^=20 Hillman, Nick (2006). "Student Debt Burden, Volume 3, Number 8, August = 2006".=20 American Association of State Colleges and Universities. http://www.aascu.org/media/pm/pdf/v3n8.pdf. =20
    4. ^ a=20 b=20 c=20 d=20 Kantrowitz, Mark (2002). "Research Report: Causes of faster-than-inflation = increases=20 in college tuition". FinAid. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/tuitionanalysis.pdf<= /SPAN>.=  =20
    5. ^ a=20 b=20 c=20 "Public Universities Relying More on Tuition Than = State=20 Money", The New York Times=20
    6. ^=20 "Federal=20 Student Loans: Patterns in Tuition, Enrollment, and Federal = Stafford=20 Loan Borrowing Up to the 2007-08 Loan Limit Increase". = gao.gov.=20 2011. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-470R.=  =20
    7. ^ a=20 b=20 "Student Loans in Bankruptcy". lawyers.com. = 2011. http://bankruptcy.lawyers.com/consumer-bankruptcy/Student-= Loans-In-Bankruptcy.html. =20
    8. ^ a=20 b=20 "Student Loan Bankruptcy Options". = money-zine.com.=20 2011. http://www.money-zine.com/Financial-Planning/College-Loan/= Student-Loan-Bankruptcy-Options. =20
    9. ^ a=20 b=20 Dvorkin, Howard (2010). "Student Loan Debt Surpasses Credit Card = Debt-What to=20 Do?". foxbusiness.com. http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2010/09/20/stu= dent-loan-debt-surpasses-credit-card-debt. =20
    10. ^=20 "46 Percent Of Federal Loans Paid To For-Profit=20 Institutions Will Go Into Default". = huffingtonpost.com/AOL.com.=20 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/23/46-percent-defaul= t-rate-o_n_800283.html. =20
    11. ^=20 Turner, Katrina (2010). "Subject: Default Rates for Cohort Years = 2004-2008".=20 ifap.ed.gov. http://ifap.ed.gov/eannouncements/122010CDRlifetimerate201= 0.html. =20
    12. ^ = a=20 = b=20 Kantrowitz, Mark (2002). "Research Report: Causes of faster-than-inflation = increases=20 in college tuition". FinAid. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/tuitionanalysis.pdf<= /SPAN>.=  =20
    13. ^ = a=20 = b=20 = c=20 = d=20 Watts, GordonWayne (2011). "Higher-Ed Tuition Costs: The =91Conservative=92 = view is not on=20 either extreme". ThirstForJustice.net. http://thirstforjustice.net/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html. =20
    14. ^=20 "Affordable=20 Higher Education: Student Debt". U.S. PIRG. 2011. http://www.uspirg.org/higher-education.<= SPAN=20 class=3DZ3988=20 = title=3Dctx_ver=3DZ39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=3Dinfo%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3A= mtx%3Abook&rft.genre=3Dbookitem&rft.btitle=3DAffordable+Higher+Ed= ucation%3A+Student+Debt&rft.atitle=3D&rft.date=3D2011&rft.pub= =3DU.S.+PIRG&rft_id=3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspirg.org%2Fhigher-education&= amp;rfr_id=3Dinfo:sid/en.wikipedia.org:College_tuition_in_the_United_Stat= es> =20
    15. ^=20 "Fight to Protect Students and Taxpayers Moves to = Senate! -=20 House Voted to Slash Pell Grants and Block Gainful Employment = Rule".=20 ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2011. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_3711.vp.html. =20
    16. ^=20 Applebaum, Robert (2009). "The Proposal". = ForgiveStudentLoanDebt.com. http://forgivestudentloandebt.com/content/proposal. =20
    17. ^=20 "Real Loan Forgiveness". = ProjectOnStudentDebt.org.=20 2011. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/initiative_view.php?initia= tive_idx=3D8. =20
    18. ^=20 "Take Action for Real Loan Forgiveness!".=20 ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2009. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_61909.vp.html. =20
    19. ^=20 Collinge, Alan (2011). "Private Student Loan Bankruptcy Bill... The 4th=20 Attempt". StudentLoanJustice.org. http://studentloanjustice.org/action-room.htm.<= /SPAN> =20
    20. ^=20 "Bankruptcy Relief for Private Student Loan = Borrowers=20 Advances". ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2010. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_91610.vp.html. =20
    21. ^=20 "Affordable=20 Higher Education: Cutting Lender Subsidies". U.S. PIRG. = 2011. http://www.uspirg.org/higher-education.<= SPAN=20 class=3DZ3988=20 = title=3Dctx_ver=3DZ39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=3Dinfo%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3A= mtx%3Abook&rft.genre=3Dbookitem&rft.btitle=3DAffordable+Higher+Ed= ucation%3A+Cutting+Lender+Subsidies&rft.atitle=3D&rft.date=3D2011= &rft.pub=3DU.S.+PIRG&rft_id=3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspirg.org%2Fhighe= r-education&rfr_id=3Dinfo:sid/en.wikipedia.org:College_tuition_in_the= _United_States> =20
    22. ^=20 "Commission: Private Loans are Not the = Solution!".=20 ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2006. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_8706.vp.html. =20
    23. ^=20 "Commission Calls for "Reduced Debt Burden" -- = Time for=20 Education Department to Act". ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. = 2006. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_81806.vp.html. =20
    24. ^=20 "Top 10 Job Placement Colleges: INFORMATION AND = TIPS ON=20 INTERNSHIPS AND PAID INTERNSHIP". CollegeTips.com. 2011. http://www.collegetips.com/college-money/college-job-place= ment.php. =20
    25. ^=20 "Bureau of Labor = Statistics,=20 U.S. Dept. of Labor". Consumer Price Index. http://www.bls.gov/cpi/. =20
    26. ^=20 Powell, James (2006). "Bank of Canada". A History of the Canadian = Dollar. http://www.bankofcanada.ca/en/dollar_book/index.html. =20
    27. ^=20 To show a wide range of tuitions, the chart's vertical axis is=20 logarithmic. The span between two horizontal lines is a factor = of ten.=20
    28. ^=20 "Canadian Association of University = Teachers".=20 Education Review 4(1), Sept, 2002, p. 2, Table 1. http://www.gpoaccess.gov/stylemanual/2000/chapter_txt-15.h= tml. =20
    29. ^=20 "University of Iowa". Fact Sheet, = 2005. http://www.library.uni.edu/speccoll/unifacts.html. =20
    30. ^=20 For background on the emergence of MIT and other U.S. research=20 universities, see Geiger, Roger L. = (1986).=20 To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research = Universities,=20 1900-1940. Oxford University Press. =20
    31. ^=20 "MIT Undergraduate=20 Association". The Tech, 1994-2006. http://tech.mit.edu/. =20
    32. ^=20 "MIT = Undergraduate=20 Association". The Tech, Archives, 1881-2009. http://tech.mit.edu/browse.html. =20
    33. ^=20 Resident tuition rates are charted for public institutions; fees = are=20 averaged; nonresident rates are typically higher.=20
    34. ^=20 Note the qualitatively similar patterns in inflation-adjusted = tuitions=20 for three periods: 1940-1950, 1950-1980 and 1980-2000.=20
    35. ^=20 After 1960, these patterns show gradually widening ratios of=20 private-school to public-school tuition, but some public systems = saw=20 tuition increases similar to those of the 1950s in Iowa during = different=20 decades.=20
    36. ^=20 "National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. = Dept. of=20 Education". Average institutional charges for tuition and = required fees. http://nces.ed.gov/quicktables/result.asp?SrchKeyword=3Din= stitutional+charges+for+tuition&topic=3DAll. =20
    37. ^=20 Data sources listed in Uebersax, = John=20 (2009-07-15). "College Tuition: Inflation or = Hyperinflation?". http://satyagraha.wordpress.com/2009/07/14/college-tuition= -hyperinflation/. Retrieved = 2009-07-15. =20
    38. ^=20 Ehrenberg, Ronald G. (2002). = Tuition=20 Rising: Why College Costs So Much. Harvard University=20 Press. =20
    39. ^=20 Kane, Thomas J. (1999). The = Price of=20 Admission: Rethinking How Americans Pay for College. = Brookings=20 Institution Press. =20
    40. ^=20 Bowen, William G., Tobin, Eugene = M.,=20 Kurzweil, Martin A., and Pichler, Susanne C. (2005). Equity = And=20 Excellence In American Higher Education. University of = Virginia=20 Press. =20
    41. ^=20 "Higher Ed NewsWeekly (p.57)". Illinois Board = of Higher=20 Education. 2007. http://www.ibhe.state.il.us/NewsDigest/NewsWeekly/092807.p= df. =20
    42. ^=20 "Student Loan Debt Drives Man to Suicide". = Newsalert,=20 citing The Chicago Sun-Times. 2007. http://nalert.blogspot.com/2007/09/student-loan-debt-drive= s-man-to-suicide.html. =20
    43. ^=20 Lewis, Libby (2007). "A Pastor's Student Loan Debt". NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=3D119= 80696. =20
    44. ^=20 Collinge, Alan (2007). "Company=92s march toward student loan monopoly = scary".=20 TheNewsTribune.com. http://www.thenewstribune.com/2007/06/19/90638/companys-ma= rch-toward-student.html. =20
    45. ^=20 http://www.finaid.org/loans/=20
    46. ^=20 http://education-portal.com/articles/How_Much_More_Do_Coll= ege_Graduates_Earn_Than_Non-College_Graduates.html=20
    47. ^=20 http://www.usnews.com/articles/education/worlds-best-unive= rsities/2010/09/21/worlds-best-universities-top-400-.html

    External = links

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        Higher education = bubble

        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
        Jump to: navigation,=20 search=20

        The higher education bubble is a speculative boom and = bust=20 phenomenon in the field of higher = education.=20 According to the theory, while college tuition = payments=20 are rising, the rate of = return of a=20 college degree is decreasing,[1]=20 and the soundness of the student = loan industry=20 may be threatened by increasing default rates.[2]=20 College students who fail to find employment at = the level=20 needed to pay back their loans in a reasonable amount of time have = been=20 compared to the debtors under sub-prime = mortgages whose home are worth less than what is owed to the = bank.[3]

        In 1987, U.S.=20 Secretary of Education William = Bennett=20 first suggested that the availability of loans may in fact be = fueling an=20 increase in tuition prices and an education bubble.[4]=20 This "Bennett hypothesis" claims that readily available loans = allow=20 schools to increases tuition prices without regard to demand=20 elasticity. Col= lege=20 rankings are partially driven by spending levels,[5]=20 and higher tuition prices are correlated with increased public = perceptions=20 of prestige.[6]=20 Over the past thirty years, demand has increased as institutions = improved=20 facilities and provided more resources to students.[7]=20 Additionally, schools tend to enroll fewer students as they = improve=20 student offerings and increase prices. This suggests that it is in = schools' best interest to increase tuition prices as much as = possible, so=20 long as financial aid ensures an ability to pay on the part of = students=20 and parents.

        A 2009 article in T= he=20 Chronicle of Higher Education related concern from parents = wondering whether it is worth the price to send their children to=20 college.[8]=20 The = Economist in=20 turn hypothesized that the bubble bursting may make it harder for = colleges=20 to fill their classes, and that some building projects will come = to a=20 halt.[9]=20 The Boston = Herald=20 further suggested the possibility of mergers,=20 closures and even bankruptcies of smaller colleges that have spent = too=20 much and taken on too much debt.[10]=20 The = National=20 Review proposed that the bubble bursting may also bring = down=20 higher education prices.[11]=20 Glenn = Reynolds=20 wrote in the Washington=20 Examiner that those who have financed their educations = with debt=20 may be particularly hard-hit.[12]

        Further speculation as to the higher education bubble was the = focus of=20 a series of articles in The = Economist in=20 2011.[13]

        Contents

        • 1 Controversy=20
          • 1.1 Alternatives to=20 bubble theory=20
          • 1.2 Additional=20 factors=20
          • 1.3 Recommendations
        • 2 See = also=20
        • 3 References and=20 notes=20
        • 4 External=20 links

        Controversy

        =20
        Study comparing = college revenue=20 per student by tuition and state funding in 2008 dollars.[14]

        The view that higher education is a bubble is controversial. = Most economists do = not think=20 the returns = to college=20 education are falling.[15]=20 In a financial = bubble,=20 assets like houses are sometimes purchased with a view to = reselling at a=20 higher price, and this can produce rapidly escalating prices as = people=20 speculate on future prices. An end to the spiral can provoke = abrupt=20 selling of the assets, resulting in an abrupt collapse in price = =97 the=20 bursting of the bubble. Because the asset acquired through college = attendance =97 a higher education =97 cannot be sold (only rented = through=20 wages), there is no similar mechanism that would cause an abrupt = collapse=20 in the value of existing degrees. For this reason, many people[who?]=20 find this analogy misleading. However, one rebuttal to the claims = that a=20 bubble analogy is misleading is the observation that the = 'bursting' of the=20 bubble are the negative effects on students who incur student = debt, for=20 example, as the American=20 Association of State Colleges and Universities reports that = "Students=20 are deeper in debt today than ever before...The trend of heavy = debt=20 burdens threatens to limit access to higher education, = particularly for=20 low-income and first-generation students, who tend to carry the = heaviest=20 debt burden. Federal student aid policy has steadily put resources = into=20 student loan programs rather than need-based grants, a trend that = straps=20 future generations with high debt burdens. Even students who = receive=20 federal grant aid are finding it more difficult to pay for = college."[16]

        Alternatives=20 to bubble theory

        A different proposal for the cause of rising tuition is the = reduction=20 of state and federal appropriations to colleges making them rely = more on=20 student tuition. Thus, it's not a bubble rather a form of shifting = costs away=20 from state and federal funding over to students.[17]=20 This has mostly applied to public universities which in 2011 for = the first=20 time have taken in more in tuition than in state funding,[17]=20 and had the greatest increases in tuition.[14]=20 Implied from this shift away from public funding to tuition is privatization,=20 although The New = York=20 Times reported that such claims are exaggerated.[17]

        Another proposed cause of increased tuition is U.S. = Congress'=20 occasional raising of the 'loan limits' of student loans, in which = the=20 increased availability of students to take out deeper loans sends = a=20 message to colleges and universities that students can afford = more, and=20 then, in response, institutions of higher education raise tuition = to=20 match, leaving the student back where he began, but deeper in = debt.=20 Therefore, if the students are able to afford a much higher amount = than=20 the free market = would=20 otherwise support for students without the ability to take out a = loan,=20 then the tuition is 'bid up' to the new, higher, level that the = student=20 can now afford with loan subsidies.[18]=20 One rebuttal to that theory is the fact that even in years when = loan=20 limits have not risen, tuition has still continued to climb.[19][20]=20 However, that may not disprove this proposed cause: It may simply = mean=20 that other factors besides 'loan limit' increases played a part in = the=20 increases in tuition.

        A third, novel, theory claims that the recent change in federal = law=20 removing all standard consumer protections (truth in lending, = bankruptcy=20 proceedings, statutes of limits, etc.) strips students of the = ability to=20 declare bankruptcy, and, in response, the lenders and colleges = know that=20 students, defenseless to declare bankruptcy, are on the hook for = any=20 amount that they borrow -including late fees and interest (which = can be=20 capitalized and increase the principal loan amount), thus removing = the=20 incentive to provide the student with a reasonable loan that = he/she can=20 pay back.[21][22]=20 Under this theory, it would be more profitable for the lender if = the=20 student defaulted (due to the increases in the amount of the loan = after=20 fees and interest are capitalized), and thus there is no free=20 market pressure-type motive for the lender or the college to = help the=20 student avoid default. This is especially true because the = government, if=20 it is the lender or guarantor of the loan, has the ability to = garnish the=20 borrower's wages, tax return, and Social Security Disability = income=20 without a court order. [23]=20 Some have called the Federal Government 'predatory' for making = loans which=20 will have such a high default rate, since the default rate for = Student=20 Loans is projected to reach 46.3% of all federal loans disbursed = to=20 students at for-profit colleges in 2008.[24][25]

        Additional=20 factors

        Other factors[26]=20 that have been implicated in increased tuition include the = following:

        • The practice of 'tuition discounting,' in which a college = awards=20 financial aid from its own funds. This assistance to = low-income=20 students by the college or university means that 'paying' = students=20 have to 'make up' for the difference: Increased tuition. This = factor=20 becomes more pronounced in modern times, since more students = nowadays=20 are going to college, which means that there are less State = and=20 Federal grant funds available per student.
        • According to Mark Kantrowitz, a recognized expert in this = area,=20 "The most significant contributor to tuition increases at = public and=20 private colleges is the cost of instruction. It accounts for a = quarter=20 of the tuition increase at public colleges and a third of the = increase=20 at private colleges."
        • Kantriwitz' study also found that "Complying with the = increasing=20 number of regulations =96 in particular, with the reporting = requirements=20 =96 adds to college costs," thus contributing to a rise in = tuition to=20 pay for these additional costs.

        Recommendations

        Based on the available data, a number of recommendations to = address=20 rising tuition have been advanced by both experts and consumer and = students' rights advocates:

        • Colleges and universities should look for ways to reduce = costs of=20 instructor and administrator expenditures (e.g., cut salaries = and/or=20 reduce staff).[27][28]
        • State and Federal governments should increase = appropriations,=20 grants, and contracts to colleges and universities.[29][30][31]
        • Federal, state, and local governments should reduce the = regulatory=20 burden on colleges and universities.[32]
        • The Federal Government should enact partial or total loan=20 forgiveness for students who have taken out student loans.[33][34][35][36]
        • Federal Lawmakers should return standard consumer = protections=20 (truth in lending, bankruptcy proceedings, statutes of = limitations,=20 etc.) to Student Loans which were removed by the passage of = the=20 Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-394, enacted October = 22,=20 1994), which amended the FFELP (Federal Family Education Loan=20 Program).[37][38][39]
        • Cut lender subsidies, decrease student reliance on loans = to pay=20 for college, and otherwise reduce the 'loan limits' to limit = the=20 amount a student may borrow.[40][41][42]
        • Regulatory or legislative action to lower or freeze the = tuition,=20 such as Canada's tuition = freeze=20 model, should be enacted by federal lawmakers:[43]
        • More research should be done: Recognized financial expert, = Mark=20 Kantrowitz, issued the following recommendations[44]:
        • "The National Center for Education Statistics should = increase=20 the frequency of the National Postsecondary Student Aid = Study to=20 annual, from triennial, in order to permit more timely = tracking of=20 the factors affecting tuition rate increases. Likewise, NCES = (National Center for Education Statistics) should take steps = to=20 improve the efficiency of the data collection and = publication for=20 the Digest of Education Statistics, so that all tables will = include=20 more recent data. The most recent data listed in some tables = is five=20 years old."
        • "The US Department of Education should study the = relationship=20 between increases in average EFC (Expected Family = Contribution)=20 figures and average tuition rates. In addition, it would be=20 worthwhile to examine how historical average EFC figures = have=20 changed relative to family income when measured on a current = and=20 constant dollar basis for each income=20 quartile."
        • Lastly, in order to offset the costs of tuition, some = colleges=20 help students in job searches and job placement after = graduation.[45]

        See also

        References = and=20 notes

        1. ^=20 Bursting the Higher Ed Bubble, The = Week, May 27,=20 2009, http://theweek.com/article/index/96989/Bursting_the_Higher= _Ed_Bubble<= SPAN=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none"> =20
        2. ^=20 Monica Brady-Myerov and Sonari Glinton, The=20 Education Bubble, wbur.org, http://www.wbur.org/specials/education-bubble =20
        3. ^=20 Bell, = Steven=20 (05/06/2010), As the higher ed bubble nears bursting what is = the=20 potential impact on libraries?, Library Journal, http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6728003.html =20
        4. ^=20 Our Greedy Colleges, The New York = Times, Feb.=20 18, 1987, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/18/opinion/our-greedy-colle= ges.html=  =20
        5. ^=20 How U.S. News Calculates the College = Rankings,=20 US News = and=20 World Report, 2010, http://www.usnews.com/education/articles/2010/08/17/how-us= -news-calculates-the-college-rankings =20
        6. ^=20 Estimating the Payoff to Attending a More = Selective=20 College: An Application of Selection on Observables and=20 Unobservables, Dale, S. B. and Krueger, A. B., NBER, = 1999, http://www.irs.princeton.edu/pubs/pdfs/409.pdf<= /SPAN> =20
        7. ^=20 The Credits that Count: How Credit Growth and = Financial=20 Aid Affect College Tuition and Fees, Ley, K. and Keppo, = J.,=20 SSRN, 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3D17665= 49 =20
        8. ^=20 Joseph Marr Cronin and Howard E. Horton (May = 22, 2009),=20 Will Higher Education Be the Next Bubble to=20 Burst?, The Chronicle of Higher Education,=20 http://chronicle.com/article/Will-Higher-Education-Be-the/= 44400 =20
        9. ^=20 The higher education bubble, The = Economist, June=20 11, 2009, http://www.economist.com/blogs/lexington/2009/06/the_highe= r_education_bubble =20
        10. ^=20 Fitzgerald, Jay=20 (May 31, 2009), Higher-education bubble could burst = next, Boston=20 Globe, http://news.bostonherald.com/business/general/view.bg?arti= cleid=3D1175836 =20
        11. ^=20 Popping the Higher-Education Bubble, = National=20 Review, March 15, 2010, http://article.nationalreview.com/427786/popping-the-highe= r-education-bubble/dan-lips =20
        12. ^=20 Glenn Harlan=20 Reynolds (August 8, 2010), Further thoughts on the higher education = bubble,=20 Washington Examiner, http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/columns/Sunday_R= eflections/Glenn-Harlan-Reynolds-Further-thoughts-on-the-college-tuition-= bubble-100216064.html =20
        13. ^=20 Higher Education, The Latest Bubble? The = Economist,=20 April 13, 2011=20
        14. ^ a=20 b=20 "Trends in College Spending 1998-2008" (PDF) = Delta Cost=20 Project=20
        15. ^=20 Claudia Goldin, Lawrence F. Katz = (2008).=20 The Race Between Education and Technology. The Belknap = Press of=20 Harvard University Press. =20
        16. ^=20 Hillman, Nick (2006). "Student Debt Burden, Volume 3, Number 8, August = 2006".=20 American=20 Association of State Colleges and Universities. http://www.aascu.org/media/pm/pdf/v3n8.pdf. =20
        17. ^ a=20 b=20 c=20 "Public Universities Relying More on Tuition Than = State=20 Money", The New = York=20 Times 2011/01/24=20
        18. ^=20 "Federal=20 Student Loans: Patterns in Tuition, Enrollment, and Federal = Stafford=20 Loan Borrowing Up to the 2007-08 Loan Limit Increase". = gao.gov.=20 2011. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-470R.=  =20
        19. ^=20 "Student Loans in Bankruptcy". lawyers.com. = 2011. http://bankruptcy.lawyers.com/consumer-bankruptcy/Student-= Loans-In-Bankruptcy.html. =20
        20. ^=20 "Student Loan Bankruptcy Options". = money-zine.com.=20 2011. http://www.money-zine.com/Financial-Planning/College-Loan/= Student-Loan-Bankruptcy-Options. =20
        21. ^=20 "Student Loan Bankruptcy Options". = money-zine.com.=20 2011. http://www.money-zine.com/Financial-Planning/College-Loan/= Student-Loan-Bankruptcy-Options. =20
        22. ^=20 "Student Loans in Bankruptcy". lawyers.com. = 2011. http://bankruptcy.lawyers.com/consumer-bankruptcy/Student-= Loans-In-Bankruptcy.html. =20
        23. ^=20 Dvorkin, Howard (2010). "Student Loan Debt Surpasses Credit Card = Debt-What to=20 Do?". foxbusiness.com. http://www.foxbusiness.com/personal-finance/2010/09/20/stu= dent-loan-debt-surpasses-credit-card-debt. =20
        24. ^=20 "46 Percent Of Federal Loans Paid To For-Profit=20 Institutions Will Go Into Default". = huffingtonpost.com/AOL.com.=20 2010. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/23/46-percent-defaul= t-rate-o_n_800283.html. =20
        25. ^=20 Turner, Katrina (2010). "Subject: Default Rates for Cohort Years = 2004-2008".=20 ifap.ed.gov. http://ifap.ed.gov/eannouncements/122010CDRlifetimerate201= 0.html. =20
        26. ^=20 Kantrowitz, Mark (2002). "Research Report: Causes of faster-than-inflation = increases=20 in college tuition". FinAid. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/tuitionanalysis.pdf<= /SPAN>. =20
        27. ^=20 Kantrowitz, Mark (2002). "Research Report: Causes of faster-than-inflation = increases=20 in college tuition". FinAid. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/tuitionanalysis.pdf<= /SPAN>. =20
        28. ^=20 Watts, GordonWayne (2011). "Higher-Ed Tuition Costs: The =91Conservative=92 = view is not on=20 either extreme". ThirstForJustice.net. http://thirstforjustice.net/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html. =20
        29. ^=20 Kantrowitz, Mark (2002). "Research Report: Causes of faster-than-inflation = increases=20 in college tuition". FinAid. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/tuitionanalysis.pdf<= /SPAN>. =20
        30. ^=20 "Affordable=20 Higher Education: Student Debt". U.S. PIRG. 2011. http://www.uspirg.org/higher-education.<= SPAN=20 class=3DZ3988=20 = title=3Dctx_ver=3DZ39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=3Dinfo%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3A= mtx%3Abook&rft.genre=3Dbookitem&rft.btitle=3DAffordable+Higher+Ed= ucation%3A+Student+Debt&rft.atitle=3D&rft.date=3D2011&rft.pub= =3DU.S.+PIRG&rft_id=3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspirg.org%2Fhigher-education&= amp;rfr_id=3Dinfo:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Higher_education_bubble> =20
        31. ^=20 "Fight to Protect Students and Taxpayers Moves to = Senate! -=20 House Voted to Slash Pell Grants and Block Gainful Employment = Rule".=20 ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2011. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_3711.vp.html. =20
        32. ^=20 Kantrowitz, Mark (2002). "Research Report: Causes of faster-than-inflation = increases=20 in college tuition". FinAid. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/tuitionanalysis.pdf<= /SPAN>. =20
        33. ^=20 Applebaum, Robert (2009). "The Proposal". = ForgiveStudentLoanDebt.com. http://forgivestudentloandebt.com/content/proposal. =20
        34. ^=20 Watts, GordonWayne (2011). "Higher-Ed Tuition Costs: The =91Conservative=92 = view is not on=20 either extreme". ThirstForJustice.net. http://thirstforjustice.net/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html. =20
        35. ^=20 "Real Loan Forgiveness". = ProjectOnStudentDebt.org.=20 2011. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/initiative_view.php?initia= tive_idx=3D8. =20
        36. ^=20 "Take Action for Real Loan Forgiveness!".=20 ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2009. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_61909.vp.html. =20
        37. ^=20 Collinge, Alan (2011). "Private Student Loan Bankruptcy Bill... The 4th=20 Attempt". StudentLoanJustice.org. http://studentloanjustice.org/action-room.htm.<= /SPAN> =20
        38. ^=20 Watts, GordonWayne (2011). "Higher-Ed Tuition Costs: The =91Conservative=92 = view is not on=20 either extreme". ThirstForJustice.net. http://thirstforjustice.net/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html. =20
        39. ^=20 "Bankruptcy Relief for Private Student Loan = Borrowers=20 Advances". ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2010. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_91610.vp.html. =20
        40. ^=20 "Affordable=20 Higher Education: Cutting Lender Subsidies". U.S. PIRG. = 2011. http://www.uspirg.org/higher-education.<= SPAN=20 class=3DZ3988=20 = title=3Dctx_ver=3DZ39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=3Dinfo%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3A= mtx%3Abook&rft.genre=3Dbookitem&rft.btitle=3DAffordable+Higher+Ed= ucation%3A+Cutting+Lender+Subsidies&rft.atitle=3D&rft.date=3D2011= &rft.pub=3DU.S.+PIRG&rft_id=3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspirg.org%2Fhighe= r-education&rfr_id=3Dinfo:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Higher_education_bubbl= e> =20
        41. ^=20 Watts, GordonWayne (2011). "Higher-Ed Tuition Costs: The =91Conservative=92 = view is not on=20 either extreme". ThirstForJustice.net. http://thirstforjustice.net/Higher-Ed-Tuition-Costs.html. =20
        42. ^=20 "Commission: Private Loans are Not the = Solution!".=20 ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. 2006. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_8706.vp.html. =20
        43. ^=20 "Commission Calls for "Reduced Debt Burden" -- = Time for=20 Education Department to Act". ProjectOnStudentDebt.org. = 2006. http://projectonstudentdebt.org/update_81806.vp.html. =20
        44. ^=20 Kantrowitz, Mark (2002). "Research Report: Causes of faster-than-inflation = increases=20 in college tuition". FinAid. http://www.finaid.org/calculators/tuitionanalysis.pdf<= /SPAN>. =20
        45. ^=20 "Top 10 Job Placement Colleges: INFORMATION AND = TIPS ON=20 INTERNSHIPS AND PAID INTERNSHIP". CollegeTips.com. 2011. http://www.collegetips.com/college-money/college-job-place= ment.php. 

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